Have you ever speculated on what could be considered “Illinois words,” or even “Chicago words”? Would you like to know what words are used particularly frequently among women or Black speakers of American English? Are you looking for examples of rhotacism or ellipsis to use in your class?
We’ve made it easy to find the answers to these and similar questions. This Index lists all states, cities, and other geographical regions, as well as social and usage labels, etymological processes, and languages mentioned in the head sections of DARE entries. Following each headword is the label as a whole as it appears in DARE.
You cannot, of course, use the Index without DARE, for the meanings of the terms are not given in the Index. And you must keep in mind that words used in Illinois, for example, are also used in larger regions which subsume Illinois: the state is included in the regions labeled North Central and Upper Mississippi Valley as well as Mississippi-Ohio Valleys. And parts of Illinois are included in the regions labeled North, North Midland, South Midland, and Great Lakes. To find out which states are assigned to particular regional terms, please go to Regional Distributions.
An Index of Labels by Region, Usage, and Etymology to DARE
This list includes all terms which were used in the entry labels in the first five volumes (A-Z) of DARE. The entries in which they have been used can be seen by clicking on the desired term below. (Please be patient as it loads.) Please note that occasional changes have been made to entries in the digital edition that are not reflected here.
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Abnaki
abuse; abusively
Acadian
affected (See also hyperurbanism)
affection; affectionate; affectionately
African
African, Central
Africa(n), West
Alabama
Alaska
Algonquian
Allegheny Mountains
American French See French, American
American Indian; Indian
American Portuguese See Portuguese, American
American Spanish See Spanish, American
Amish
aphetic
apocope
Appalachians
Arabic
Arawak
archaic (See also historic; obsolete; old-fashioned)
Arizona
Arkansas
assimilated; assimilation
Atlantic (See also Central Atlantic; Middle Atlantic; North Atlantic; South Atlantic)
Australian; Australian National Dictionary
back-formation; back-formed
Bahamian; Dictionary of Bahamian English
Baltimore See Maryland, Baltimore
Bambara
Bantu
Basque
Belgian
Belgian French See French, Belgian
Bible; Biblical
Black
blend, blended (See also coalescence)
Boston See Massachusetts, Boston
Brazilian Portuguese See Portuguese, Brazilian
British See England
Brooklyn See New York, Brooklyn
Bube See Bantu
Buffalo See New York, Buffalo
California
calque; also loan translation
Canadian; Dictionary of Canadianisms
Canadian French See French, Canadian
Cantonese
Carib
Cariban
Caribbean
Carib, Island
Celtic
Central
Central African See African, Central
Central Atlantic
Charleston See South Carolina, Charleston
Cherokee
Chesapeake Bay
Chicago See Illinois, Chicago
children
Chinese
Chinook
Choctaw
Chukchi
Cincinnati See Ohio, Cincinnati
clipped form
coalescence; coalescing (See also blend)
coastal
Colorado
Connecticut
contemptuous (See also disparagement)
contraction; contracted
Cornish; Cornwall
Cree
Creek
creole; creolized
Cuban Spanish See Spanish, Cuban
Czech
Danish
DC, Washington See Washington, DC
decreasing (See also infrequent)
Delaware
Delaware (language)
Delmarva
depreciatory (See also disparagement)
derisive (See also disparagement)
derogation; derogatory (See also disparagement)
Desert Southwest
Dictionary of Bahamian English See Bahamian
Dictionary of Canadianisms See Canadian
Dictionary of Jamaican English See Jamaican
Dictionary of Newfoundland English See Newfoundland
Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue; Dictionary of the Scottish Language See Scotland
diminutive
disparagement; disparaging(ly) (See also contemptuous; depreciatory; derisive; derogation)
dissimilation
District of Columbia, Washington See Washington, DC
doublets
Dutch
East; eastern United States
Eastern European
east of Mississippi River See Mississippi River, east of
echoic; echoism (See also imitative; phonosymbolic)
educated; education
Efik
ellipsis; elliptical(ly)
England; English; English Dialect Dictionary; also British
epenthetic
erroneous; error
euphemism; euphemistic; euphemistically; also minced form; minced oath; minced phrase
Ewe
excrescent
eye-dialect
facetious; facetiously
familiar; familiarity; familiarized; familiarizing; familiarly
female See women
Finnish
Florida
Florida, Palm Beach
folk-etymological; folk-etymology
folk-name
Fon
French (See also French, American; French, Belgian; French, Cajun; French, Canadian; French, Louisiana)
French, American
French, Belgian
French, Cajun
French, Canadian
French, Louisiana
frequentative
Frisian, East
Fula
Gaelic
Georgia
Georgia, Okefenokee
German (See also German, Pennsylvania; German, Swiss)
Germanic
German, Pennsylvania
German, Swiss
Great Lakes
Greek
Gulf States; Gulf
Gullah
Haitian
Harlem See New York, Harlem
Hausa
Hawaii; Hawaiian
Hebrew
Hindi
historic (See also archaic; obsolete; old-fashioned)
homophonous; homophony
Hopi
Hudson (River) Valley See New York, Hudson (River) Valley
humorous See jocular
hypercorrect; hypercorrection; also overcorrected; overcorrection
hyperurbanism
hypocoristic
Idaho
Igbo
Illinois
Illinois, Chicago
imitative; imitation (See also echoic)
Indian; American Indian See American Indian
Indiana
infix
informal
infrequent (See also decreasing)
Inland North
Inland South
intrusive; intrusion
Inupiaq
Iowa
Ireland; Irish
ironic; ironically
Iroquoian
Island Carib See Carib, Island
Italian
Jamaican; Dictionary of Jamaican English
Japanese
Jewish
jocular; jocularly; jocose; joking: also humorous; humorously
Kansas
Kentucky
Kongo
Korean
lambdacism
Lapp
Latin; Latinization; Latinized; pseudo-Latin; quasi-Latin
Lithuanian
loan; loan word
loan translation See calque
Long Island See New York, Long Island
Louisiana
Louisiana French See French, Louisiana
Louisiana, New Orleans
Lower Mississippi Valley See Mississippi Valley, Lower
Maine
Makah
malapropism
Malay
male See men
Malinké
Mandingo
manufacturer’s name See trademark
Manx
Map
Maryland
Maryland, Baltimore
Massachuset
Massachusetts
Massachusetts, Boston
Massachusetts, Cape Cod
Massachusetts, Martha’s Vineyard
Massachusetts, Nantucket
men; also male
Mennonite
Menominee
metanalysis
metaphor; metaphorical
metathesis; metathetic (See also reversed compound)
Mexican Spanish See Spanish, Mexican
Michigan
middle-aged
Middle Atlantic
Midland (See also North Midland; South Midland; West Midland)
Midwest, Upper See Upper Midwest
minced form; minced oath; minced phrase See euphemism
Minnesota
Minorcan
Miskito
Mississippi
Mississippi-Ohio Valleys
Mississippi River, east of
Mississippi River, west of
Mississippi Valley (See also Mississippi Valley, Lower; Mississippi Valley, Upper)
Mississippi Valley, Lower
Mississippi Valley, Upper
Missouri
Montana
Mormons
Muskogean
Nahuatl
Nantucket See Massachusetts, Nantucket
Narraganset
naturalized
Navaho
Nebraska
Nevada
New England
Newfoundland; Dictionary of Newfoundland English
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New Orleans See Louisiana, New Orleans
New York
New York, Brooklyn
New York, Buffalo
New York City
New York, Harlem
New York, Hudson (River) Valley
New York, Long Island
New York, Syracuse
New York, Upstate
New Zealand; Dictionary of New Zealand English
Nisqualli
North (See also Inland North)
North Atlantic
North Carolina
North Carolina, Outer Banks
North Central
North Dakota
Northeast
North Midland
Northwest (See also Pacific Northwest)
Norwegian
Nupe
obscene
obsolescent
obsolete (See also archaic)
offensive
Ohio
Ohio, Cincinnati
Ohio River Valley; Ohio Valley
Ojibway
Okefenokee See Georgia, Okefenokee
Oklahoma
old; older
old-fashioned (See also archaic)
Opata
Oregon
Outer Banks See North Carolina, Outer Banks
overcorrection See hypercorrection
Ozarks
Pacific (See also Pacific Northwest)
Pacific Northwest (See also Northwest)
Paiute
Palm Beach See Florida, Palm Beach
patronizing
Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania German See German, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
Persian
Philippine (See also Tagalog)
phonosymbolic
pidgin
Piedmont See Virginia
Piman
Plains States
pleonastic; pleonastically See redundant
Polish
Portuguese
Portuguese, American
Portuguese, Brazilian
Pueblo Indians
pun; punning(ly)
Quakers
Quechua
rare
reanalysis; reanalyzed
reduced; reduction
redundant; redundantly; also pleonastic, pleonastically
reduplicated; reduplication
relic
reversed compound; reversal (See also metathesis)
reverse order
Rhode Island
rhotacism
Rocky Mountains
Romany
rural
Russian
Salish
Scandinavian (See also Danish; Norwegian; Swedish)
Scotland; Scots; Scottish; Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue; Dictionary of the Scottish Language; Scottish National Dictionary
Seminole
Serbo-Croatian
Shawnee
Sicilian
Slavic
Slovak
Slovene
Smoky Mountains (See also Appalachians)
Sotho
South (See also Inland South)
South Atlantic
South Carolina
South Carolina, Charleston
South Dakota
Southeast
South Midland
Southwest (See also Desert Southwest)
Spanish (See also Spanish, American; Spanish, Cuban; Spanish, Mexican)
Spanish, American
Spanish, Cuban
Spanish, Mexican
Swedish
Swiss German See German, Swiss
syncopated; syncope
synecdoche
taboo
Tagalog
Taino
Tatar
telescoped
Tennessee
Texas
Tlingit
trademark; trade name; also manufacturer’s name
Tupi-Guarani
Turkish
Twi
Ukrainian
uncultivated
United States, eastern See East
Upper Midwest
Upper Mississippi Valley See Mississippi Valley, Upper
Upstate New York See New York, Upstate
urban
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
Washington, DC
Welsh
West
West Africa(n) See Africa(n), West
West Indian
West Midland
west of Mississippi River See Mississippi River, west of
West Virginia
White
Wisconsin
Wolof
women; also female
Wyoming
Yiddish
Yokuts
Yoruba
young; younger
Yupik