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Yiddish

      already adv B2 • [Calque: ult from Ger schon as transmitted independently by PaGer schun and Yidd shoyn]

      alter kocker n • [Yidd, ult from Ger alter old + kocker excrement]

      bubbe n • [Yiddish]

      bubbe-mayse n • [Yiddish]

      bubeleh n • [Yiddish..]

      dairy n 2b • [Translation of Yiddish milkhiks n..]

      doppes(s) n • [Perh var of Yiddish tipesh a fool]

      dreck n • [Yiddish drek, Ger Dreck excrement, filth, dregs]

      dreidel n • [Yiddish dreidl < Ger drehen to turn]

      enjoy v B2 • [Prob infl by Yiddish syntax..]

      eppes pron, n, adj, adv • [..eastern Yiddish form is epes..]

      farblonjet adj • [Yiddish farblondzhen to lose one’s way, get lost, go astray]

      farchadet adj • [Yiddish fartshadet]

      farmisht adj • [Yiddish]

      farputst adj • [Yiddish]

      faygeleh n • [Yiddish foygl bird, faygele little bird; perh infl by fag n]

      flanken n • [Prob Yiddish flanken sides or flanks of beef]

      fress v • PaGer area and areas of Yiddish infl

      fresser n • PaGer area and areas of Yiddish infl

      from prep B10 • [Prob Yiddish..]

      golumpki n pl • [..cf..Yiddish holep..]

      hazarae n • [Yiddish khazeray junk, trash]

      holishkes n pl • [Yiddish]

      I should worry phr • [Prob ult from a Yiddish phr]

      kishke n • [Yiddish, ult of Slavic origin..]

      klutz n • [Yiddish, cognate with Ger Klotz..]

      krex v • [..Yiddish krekhts(e)n..]

      kuchen n • [Ger, Yiddish Kuchen cake..] (MAP)

      kugel n • [Yiddish]

      kvetch v • [Yiddish kvetchen]

      latke n • [Yiddish]

      mocky n1 • [Prob Yiddish makeh a boil, sore, plague]

      Molly Putz n • [..cf also Yiddish putz a fool, objectionable person]

      nebbish n • [Yiddish]

      nosh n • [Yiddish nash a snack]

      nosh v • [..also Yiddish nashn, nasher..]

      noshery n • [..perh infl by Yiddish nasherei snacks]

      phumpher v • [Yiddish fonfen]

      plotz v • [..Yiddish platsn to burst]

      prakes n pl • [Yiddish]

      putz v • [..cf also Yiddish putz..] (MAP)

      schlepp v • [Yiddish shlepn to drag]

      schnozzle n • [.. prob pseudo-Yiddish alter of nose or nozzle] (MAP)

      stand up v phr • [Calque of..Yiddish oyfshteyn]

      Yid n • [..< Yiddish Yid Jew] (MAP)

      Yiddish adj • [Yiddish yid(d)ish Jewish]

Yokuts

      mahala n • [Yokuts mokel women]

Yoruba

      cala n1 • [..Yoruba, Igbo, Efik ákárá an oily cake..]

young; younger

      Afro n • esp among young Black speakers (Map Section)

      all-nighter n 2 • among young speakers

      all she wrote, that’s phr • gaining currency esp among younger speakers

      badmouth v • esp among Black and young White speakers

      barf v, n • esp among young speakers

      beat adj • esp among young, urban, and Black speakers

      bitch v • esp among young and mid-aged speakers and among males

      blast n 3 • chiefly among younger, educ speakers; casual

      blast n 4 • chiefly among younger, educ speakers; casual

      blasted adj, adv • esp common among younger speakers

      blindman’s buff n b • esp common among younger speakers

      boob n • esp among young and coll educ speakers

      boondock n • orig military slang, now widespread, esp among urban, young and mid-aged speakers

      borrow v B1 • esp among young speakers and speakers with grade school educ

      boulder n • esp among young speakers

      brownie n1 3 • esp among young and coll educ speakers

      brownie v • esp among young and coll educ speakers

      brownnose n • chiefly among young and mid-aged speakers

      brownnose v • orig among speakers in the military; now widespread but chiefly among young and mid-aged speakers

      buck n1 3b • widely used but esp freq among young and middle-aged Infs

      bug v 4 • earlier chiefly among young speakers, now widespread

      cancer stick n • esp among young speakers

      chew out v phr • esp among younger speakers

      chick n • esp among young speakers and among Black speakers; sometimes derog

      chug v 3 • esp among younger speakers

      clod n 2a • esp among younger speakers

      clod n 2b • esp among younger speakers

      cool n 1 • earlier esp among young, coll educ, and Black speakers, now more widely used

      cool it v phr 1 • formerly esp among young, coll educ, and Black speakers; now more widespread

      crack up v phr • esp among young, urban, coll educ, and Black speakers

      curse, the n • esp common among women, young and mid-aged speakers, and coll educ speakers

      dig v2 2 • chiefly among young and mid-aged speakers; esp freq among Black speakers; esp freq in urban comms

      dodo n1 1 • esp among young speakers

      doozy n • esp freq among young and mid-aged speakers

      down below adv phr 2 • euphem; esp freq among younger speakers

      drag n 13a • esp freq among Blacks and among young and mid-aged speakers

      drag n 14 • esp freq among Black speakers and among young and mid-aged speakers

      drink like a fish v phr • esp among young and mid-aged speakers and among well educ speakers

      faggot n • used..chiefly by young speakers, most freq by well educ urban males

      fall n 4 • chiefly among young, well-educ, urban women

      farmer n 1 • somewhat more freq among younger speakers and coll educ speakers; derog (MAP)

      fart n • esp among young and mid-aged speakers

      filthy adv • esp common among mid-aged and young speakers

      finagle v A • esp freq among young and mid-aged speakers (MAP)

      fly n2 2 • esp among younger speakers (MAP)

      goose bumps n pl 1 • somewhat more freq among younger speakers

      icky adj • esp freq among young and mid-aged speakers and among women (MAP)

      klutz n • esp freq among young speakers

      moly, holy exclam • esp freq among young speakers

      p.g. adj • esp freq among mid-aged and young speakers (MAP)

      shimmy v • esp freq among younger speakers

      sneak v 2a • esp freq among younger speakers

      tight adj • orig esp freq among Black speakers, young speakers, and male speakers; now more widespread

      upchuck v • esp freq among mid-aged and younger speakers, among coll educ speakers, and among women

      you guys pron • esp freq among younger speakers

Yupik

      mukluk n • [Yupik maklak bearded seal]