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brogan n • [Dimin form of Gael brōg shoe]
colcannon n • [IrGael cāl ceannon white-headed cabbage]
cowhanded adj • [cow alter of car left-handed, awkward; from Gael and Ir cearr..]
donsie adj • [..prob from Scots Gael donas evil, harm,..with infl from obs daunch fastidious, squeamish, dunce,..]
dudeen n • [IrGael dūidīn, dimin of dūd pipe]
dull n, v2 • [Cf EDD dull sb. “Irel. A horse-hair noose or snare for catching trout” < IrGael dol, dul a loop, snare]
gob n2 • [..prob ult of Gael orig]
hog age n • [Cf Scots-Gael òg a young man]
killick n • [Appar of Gaelic origin..]
sheeny n1 • [..perh from Gael síonnaí fox-like, clever]
smather v • [Ir dial < IrGael smeadar to smear, daub]
striffen n • [Scots, nIr dial; prob < Scots Gael streafon, streabhon..]
sugan n • [Ir, Scots Engl suggan (< Ir, Scots Gael súgán)…]
acknowledge n • SC, GA coasts
acquaintun ppl adj • SC, GA coasts
all two adj, pron, conj • S Atl, esp SC, GA coasts
and thing conj phr • sSC, GA coast
answer n • seSC, nGA coast
aw adv • sSC, GA coast
bactize v • SC, GA coasts
basket name n • sSC, GA coast
bay n3 2 • S Atl, esp seGA, neFL
bonnet walker n • esp FL, GA
broadus n • SC, GA coast
Brunswick stew n • chiefly Sth, esp VA, NC, GA (MAP)
buckra n • chiefly coastal SC and GA
bull ant n • chiefly FL, GA
burk v, n • esp GA
catch dog n • esp FL, GA
conflutement n • ?chiefly GA
cooter n (pronc) • coastal SC and GA
crack one’s teeth v phr • SC, GA coasts
dead v 2 • SC, GA coasts
deer owl n • GA, FL
dingnation n • esp GA
dry drought n • chiefly GA, SC, Gulf States
ear n1 (pronc) • SC, GA
egg bread n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp GA (MAP)
enty interrog exclam • chiefly SC, GA coasts
fanner n 1 • chiefly GA, SC
fatwood n • chiefly FL, GA
flinthead n 1 • esp FL, GA
go-fetch-it n • esp GA
gopher n1 1a • esp FL, GA (MAP)
gopher grass n • esp GA
grand n • chiefly SC, GA
grape basket n • esp FL, GA
grease n (pronc) • esp coastal SC, GA, FL
guano n (pronc) • chiefly GA, SC
guinea squat n • esp AL, FL, GA
gun-barrel house n • esp GA
half-rubber n • GA, SC
hard-backed cooter n • sGA, nFL
hardhead n 6c • Okefenokee GA
head n B9 • chiefly FL, GA
hen and biddies n • GA
herman thrasher n • GA
hog crawl n • SC, GA
hopping John n 1 • chiefly S Atl, esp SC, GA (MAP)
hornback n, v • FL, GA
house n B2 • Okefenokee GA
hull n B2a(7) • chiefly S Atl, esp GA
hurrah bush n • S Atl, esp GA
Indian pullet n • chiefly FL, GA, SC
ironhead n 2 • FL, GA, esp Okefenokee GA
joggling board n • chiefly SC, GA
jook n 3 • esp FL, GA
ki intj • esp sSC, GA coast
K oil n • FL, sGA
Lane cake n • Sth, esp AL, GA
lie out v phr 2 • Sth, S Midl, esp sAppalachians, GA, SC (MAP)
little adj, n, v • sSC, GA coasts
liver mush n • NC, SC, GA, TN
locus preacher n • SC, GA
loggerhead n 10 • esp GA
Louisiana pink worm n • chiefly GA
magofer n • esp GA
make v1 D11 • esp GA, NC
mamma n1 2 • GA, SC
me adj a • sSC, GA coasts
mellow bug n • esp GA, AL
muck n1 1b • esp FL, GA
mull n2 • esp GA
nest onion n • chiefly Sth, esp GA
no-manners adj • sSC, GA coasts
null n, v1 • esp GA
out v C3 • chiefly eSC, eGA (MAP)
owl, poor as an adj phr • GA
packhouse n • esp GA, NC, eSC, VA (MAP)
palement n • GA, SC
pale road n • GA
pave n 2 • chiefly Gulf States, GA
pave road n • chiefly Gulf States, GA
peruse v • Sth, esp SC, GA
Peter’s mudhole n • GA, nFL
pilau n1 • chiefly SC, GA, FL (MAP)
pinto n2 • chiefly SC, GA
plume bird n • FL, GA
pond gannet n • esp FL, GA
pond scoggin n • esp GA
pond worm n • esp GA
pontop prep • SC, GA coasts
poor Job n • GA
poor joe n2 2 • chiefly GA, SC
potato n A4 (pronc) • esp SC, GA
prairie n B1 • chiefly GA, FL
praise house n • SC, GA
preacher n 3 • GA
pullet bone n • esp AL, GA
red n B4 • esp GA
ricebird n 4 • chiefly Gulf States, GA (MAP)
run n 1b • esp seGA, FL
runner n 8 • esp GA
rusty lizard n • AL, AR, GA, LA, TX
salt n 1 • esp SC, GA coasts
sandhiller n 1 • Sth, esp GA, SC
scaper n • esp FL, GA
Scuffletonian n • esp GA
scuppernong n • chiefly SE, esp SC, GA (MAP)
seeny n1 • GA
Seminole rattler n • seGA
shad fly n • chiefly NEast; also Missip Valley, GA (MAP)
she-she talk n • sSC, GA coasts
shout n 1 • Sth, esp sSC, GA coasts
shout v 2 • chiefly sSC, GA coasts
slipstone n • GA, SC
slop worm n • esp GA, AL
squirrel v 1 • esp GA
stag bass n • chiefly ceGA
strand n1 • FL, sGA
stretch worm n • GA, Gulf States
stumpknocker n 1 • esp FL, GA
stump liquor n • Sth, S Midl, esp GA
sun trout n 2 • esp GA
swamp worm n • GA
swonger adj • seSC, eGA
syrup candy n • chiefly Gulf States, GA, SC (MAP)
tabby n • SE, esp GA, SC
table tapper n • esp GA, SC, eNC
task n • GA, SC
they exclam • esp NC, GA
thrash n2 • esp GA
thrift n 2 • esp NC, GA
thunderwood n 1 • Sth, esp GA (MAP)
tickbird n 1 • chiefly AL, GA
toad n 7 • SC, GA coasts
toad-frog stool n • esp Gulf States, GA
tobacco dove n • esp FL, GA
trembling earth n • GA
turner n2 • chiefly Inland Sth, GA
twistification n • sAppalachians, GA, AL
urp v1 • scattered, but chiefly Missip Valley, GA, SW (MAP)
we pron • chiefly SC, GA coasts
we adj • SC, GA coasts
weather house n • SC, GA, AL
weeky-day n • chiefly SE, esp GA
where adv, conj, pron A3 (pronc) • sSC, GA coast
white bacon n • chiefly FL, GA (MAP)
white shirt n • FL, GA, SC
woodpecker-lark n • chiefly Mid Atl, GA
yard child n 1 • SC, GA
yellowbelly cooter n • chiefly SC, GA (MAP)
yonder adv B2 • esp Gulf States, AR, GA
zoon v 1 • esp GA
zoon v 2 • Sth, S Midl, esp GA
hardhead n 6c • Okefenokee GA
house n B2 • Okefenokee GA
ironhead n 2 • FL, GA, esp Okefenokee GA
neverwet n • esp Okefenokee GA
scuffle v • Okefenokee GA
German (See also German, Pennsylvania; German, Swiss)
aber nit adv phr • [Ger aber nicht]
ach (ja) adv, intj • Ger settlement areas
ach ja n • [Ger, lit “oh yes!”..]
ainna interrog exclam • chiefly German settlement areas
ain’t v2 • PaGer and other Ger settlement areas
all adj2 • [PaGer all from Ger alle all gone] (MAP)
all two adj, pron, conj • [..in Nth, examples from speakers of Ger background are prob calques of alle beide..]
already adv B1 • chiefly sePA and other Ger settlement areas
already adv B2 • chiefly in Jewish and Ger settlement areas
alter n • [Ger Alte old man]
alter kocker n • [Yidd, ult from Ger alter old + kocker excrement]
ausgespielt adj • [Past pple of Ger ausspielen to play out, play to the end]
axt n • [ax + excr t, perh infl by Ger Axt ax]
bakery n 2 • chiefly Ger settlement areas
bakont ppl adj • [Ger bekannt known]
bald adv • [Ger bald almost, nearly]
bar-geist n • [Cf..Ger Berggeist gnome]
bas ufft v phr • [Ger aufpassen..to pay attention, watch out]
batselboom n • [..Ger Purzelbaum]
bauchgot n • [PaGer, Ger bauchgurt]
be v B2a(3) • [..Ger Ich bin]
Bear Day n • borrowing from Ger folklore
beddle v • [Ger betteln, Bettler]
bee v • chiefly Ger settlement areas, esp PA
beef on weck n • [Abbr for Ger Kümmelweck caraway roll]
behinten n • [Ger Hintern buttocks..]
beisich adj • [Ger beissig biting, pungent]
Belsnickel n • Ger settlement areas
belsnickeling pres pple, vbl n • Ger settlement areas, esp PA
Berliner n • [Ger Berliner of Berlin + Pfannkuchen pancake]
Berliner kranzer n • Ger, Scan settlement areas
bespritzed adj • [Ger bespritzen to squirt at, spray]
bindle n • [..perh from Ger Bündel..]
blitz adj • chiefly in Ger settlement areas
blixen n • [..from Ger Blitz lightning, blitzen to lighten, flash]
blizzard n • [..prob related to Ger blitzen to flash;..perh also to blasen to blow]
bloom-sock n • [From Ger Plumpsack a twisted kerchief; a clumsy fellow]
blossom n 2 • chiefly Inland Nth, esp in Ger settlement areas
bock n3 • [Prob from Ger bock he-goat]
bock beer n • [Ger bockbier]
borrow v B1 • [Cf Ger borgen to borrow, lend] (MAP)
boy lice n • [Transl of Ger Bube boy..]
bratwurst n • Ger settlement areas, esp WI
brauche n, v • [Ger Brauch custom, habit, practice]
braunschweiger n • chiefly in Ger settlement areas
bree n • [..cf Ger brei pap, porridge..]
brennessel n • Ger settlement areas
brother n A5 • Ger settlement areas
brutz n • [Ger brüten to brood over]
bubby n1 • [..Cf Ger bübbi teat]
bube n • Ger settlement areas in PA, IL
bufflehead n 1 • [..cf Ger Büffelkopf]
butsel n • [From Ger Bürzel rump]
by prep 1 • [..Ger bei]
byo n1 • [Prob Ger dial..]
cat and mouse n 1 • [Ger Katz und Maus tic-tack-toe] (MAP)
cat in a bag n • [Ger die Katze im Sack kaufen “to buy the cat in the sack”]
Christkindle v • Ger settlement areas
cluck adj • [..Ger gluckhenne broody hen..]
cluck n • [..from Ger glucke, klucke (PaGer gluuk) broody hen..]
cluck v • [..from Ger glucken, klucken..]
coffee sister n • [Ger Kaffee Schwester a lover of coffee]
cook v 1 • chiefly Nth, esp in Ger and Scan settlement areas
cook cheese n • Ger settlement areas
coop n6 • [Prob alter of Ger kopf]
crab n 1 • [Cf Ger Flusskrebs] (MAP)
crammer n • [..prob infl by Ger Kramkammer cubbyhole]
crawm n • [..also cognate Ger kram rubbish]
cribben n pl • [Ger Grieben leavings of rendered fat]
danke schoen exclam • [Ger] (MAP)
dapp v • [PaGer dappe (Ger tappen)]
dare v B • [By identification with PaGer daerfe (Ger dürfen, 1st and 3rd sg darf)..]
deck sheaf n • [deck < Ger decken to cover]
deichsel n • Ger settlement areas
deuce, the n • [..prob ult from Ger Daus]
Deutscher n • Ger settlement areas
doppel n • [Cf Ger Tölpel]
doppich adj • [Cf Ger täppisch]
dreck n • urban, chiefly in Jewish and German settlement areas
dreidel n • [Yiddish dreidl < Ger drehen to turn]
drumlin n • [..cf drum percussion instrument and Ger trommeln to beat a drum, make a loud noise]
dummkopf n • [Ger Dummkopf, Du domkop]
dunkel dun adj • [Prob Ger dunkel dark, dim, murky]
Dunker n • [PaGer dunke, Ger dunken, tunken to dip]
egg picking vbl n • [Cf Ger Eierpicken]
elbedritsch n • [PaGer, from Ger Elbe(n)trisch..]
eppes pron, n, adj, adv • [Cogn with Ger etwas..]
esel n • [Ger Esel ass, donkey]
fall downstairs v phr • [Ger die Treppe herunterfallen have one’s hair cut..]
fastnacht n • [PaGer fasnacht < Ger Fastnacht fast night (Shrove Tuesday)]
feather n B1 • [Cf Ger Feder]
fence mouse n • esp in Ger settlement areas
ferdarva adj • [PaGer verdarwe spoiled < Ger verdorben past pple of verderben]
ferdutzt adj • [PaGer, Ger verdutzt past pple of verdutzen to bewilder, startle]
ferhex v • [Ger verhexen to bewitch]
ferhoodle v • [PaGer < Ger verhudeln to spoil by lack of care]
ferhoonse v • [PaGer < Ger verhunzen to spoil, botch, bungle]
ferreck v • [Ger verrecken]
ferricked adj • [Ger verrückt]
ferschimmelt adj • [PaGer < Ger verschimmelt moldy]
ferschnapp oneself v phr • [PaGer < Ger verschnappen to make a slip of the tongue]
fersteh v • Ger settlement areas
fest n • [Ger “festival, holiday”]
fettiglich n • [Prob Ger fettig fatty, greasy + redund lich -ly]
finger cap n • [Cf Ger Fingerhut]
first adv C1 • [Cf Ger erst]
first breakfast n • [Perh calque < Ger erstes Frühstück..]
flaus n • [Ger “fleece, tuft”]
flea n • [Cf Ger Flöhe tiddledy winks (literally “fleas”)]
flittervish n • [Cf Ger dial Flittermaus, Fledawisch a bat]
fogle n • [Perh Ger Vogel bird; but cf Engl dial fugle to whistle]
for prep C2 • [Transl of Ger ethical dative]
forby adj • [Ger vorbei past, gone]
frankfurt n • [Abbrs for frankfurter, frankforter < Ger Frankfurter of Frankfurt] (MAP)
frau n • [Ger] (MAP)
freindschaft n • [PaGer var of Ger Freundschaft friendship]
fress v • [Ger fressen to devour greedily (usu used of animals)]
fresser n • [Ger Fresser glutton; cf fress]
Fritz n • [Ger nickname for Friedrich]
futsch adj • [Ger futsch ruined, done for]
futz v • [..cf Ger furzen to fart..]
fuzzle n3 • [Ger Fussel fluff, fuzz, piece of lint..]
gashel n • [PaGer Geeschel, Gayschel < Ger Geissel]
geik n • [Ger Geige violin, fiddle]
gelle interrog exclam • [Ger dial gelle Isn’t that so?]
gesundheit intj • [Ger, literally “health”] (MAP)
get awake v phr • [Cf Ger wach werden to wake up, to become, get awake] (MAP)
give v B1 • calque of Ger geben to give
give v B1a • [Cf Ger es gibt]
give v B1b • [Cf Ger dial ade geben to say good-bye]
glick v • [Perh Ger glücken to prosper..]
go out v phr 1 • [..perh reinforced by Ger geht aus]
greissel v • [PaGer; cf Ger Es gruselt mir it gives me the creeps]
greisslich adj • [PaGer; cf Ger gruselig creepy, gruesome; grässlich horrible, frightful]
grindle n1 • [Transf from Ger Gründel a fish such as Gobius niger] (MAP)
ground n 2 • [..cf also Ger Grund ground, soil]
gum band n • [Ger Gummiband] (MAP)
gummy adj • [Cf Ger Gummi rubber]
hair n B1 • [..US use prob reflects infl of Ger, Fr..]
hair n B2 • chiefly German settlement areas, esp PaGer
half n B1a • prob formerly more widespread, now esp in Ger settlement areas
halt’s maul v phr • [Ger]
hambleman n • [Ger Hampelmann a puppet on a string; by ext, an awkward person]
hand cheese n • chiefly German settlement areas, esp WI
handkäse n • [Ger]
handle v2 • [Ger handeln to dicker or haggle]
hand shoe n • [Prob Ger Handschuh glove]
hanswurst n • [Ger “buffoon, clown,” lit “Jack Sausage,” the name of a stock comic character]
harsh n • [Ger Hirsch]
hausfrau n • [Ger]
have v1 C • German settlement areas
have v1 D3b • [Infl by Ger haben]
headcloth n • esp Sth; also Ger settlement areas
hen stable n • [Cf Ger Hühnerstall hen house]
heraus mit ’em exclam • [Ger heraus..mit away with.. +.. ihm, ihnen..understood as ’im him, or ’em them]
hex n 1 • [PaGer < Ger Hexe a witch]
hex v • [PaGer hexe, Ger hexen]
hexerei n • [Ger]
hickle v • [PaGer < Ger dial hikele]
hinster n • [..Ger hinderst hindmost]
homebringen n • [Ger Heimbringen..]
hoodle v • [PaGer < Ger hudeln]
hook-and-eye adj • Ger settlement areas
hooker n1 1 • Ger settlement areas
hoopsisaw intj, n • [Cf Ger hopsassa!..]
hoosh exclam • [..Ger husch..]
house blessing n • [Calque of Ger Haussegen wall text]
hund n • [Ger]
hutzel n • [Ger]
jellybread n • [By analogy with Ger Butterbrot bread and butter]
joe buckety geiss n • [Cf..Ger Geiss goat]
June bug n • [..cf Ger Maikäfer “May chafer” for cockchafer..]
kaput adj • [Ger kaputt..]
katzenjammer n • [Ger]
keekling n • [Cf Ger Küchlein..]
kermis(s) n • [Du kermis, BelgianFr kermesse, Ger Kirmes a fair]
Kilby n • [SwissGer..dial varr of Ger Kirchweih]
kimmelweck n • [Ger Kümmel caraway + Weck roll]
kinick n • [Prob <..Ger Knicker..]
kitsie n • [Cf Ger Kitz..]
klatch n • [Ger Klatsch gossip] (MAP)
klop door n • [Ger Klapptür ..]
klutz n • [Yiddish, cognate with Ger Klotz..]
knackwurst n • esp in Ger and Jewish settlement areas
knawel n • [..< Ger Knäuel, literally “knot, tangle”]
kneffli n • Ger settlement areas
knip n • [..< Ger knipsen, dial knippen to snip]
kotz v • Ger and PaGer settlement areas
kram n • [Ger kram rubbish, junk..]
kram v • [Ger kramen..]
krapfen n • Ger settlement areas
kraut n • [Ger Kraut]
krebbel n • [Ger dial Kräppel, dimin of Krapfen] (MAP)
krex v • esp in Ger, PaGer, and Jewish settlement areas
kringle n • [..cognate terms are found in all Scan languages and Ger..]
Kris(s) Kringle n • [Ger Christkindlein]
kuchen n • Ger settlement areas, esp N Cent, PA (MAP)
land rain n • [Calque of Ger Landregen (PaGer landrejje, landregge) a steady rain]
lattwaerrick n • [PaGer < Ger Latwerge electuary]
laugh n B2 • [Cf PaGer lache to laugh, whinny < Ger lachen to laugh]
leave v B1 • [..some quots are doubtless infl by Ger use]
leaven v • [leave, prob infl by Ger lassen to let, leave]
leave out v phr 2 • chiefly Ger settlement areas, esp PA
lebkuchen n • esp in Ger settlement areas
let v C • chiefly Ger settlement areas, esp sePA
little n C2 • Ger settlement areas, esp PA, WI
liver sausage n • [Calque of Ger leberwurst] (MAP)
liverwurst n • [Partial calque of Ger Leberwurst] (MAP)
loan v B • chiefly Ger settlement areas
lock open v phr • [Calque of PaGer uffschliesse, Ger aufschliessen]
long already adv phr • Ger settlement areas
long finger n 2 • [Cf Ger lange Finger machen (or haben), Du lange vingers hebben..]
long-fingered adj • [..Ger langfingerig thievish] (MAP)
longsome adj • [Prob calque of Ger langsam slow..]
look a little out v phr • [Infl by Ger pass ein bisschen auf..]
lorchel n • [Ger Lorchel]
Lute n2 • [Abbr for Lutheran, infl by Ger and Scan pronc]
macht nichts phr • [Ger]
make v1 D32 • Ger settlement areas
make on v phr 3 • esp in Ger settlement areas
make out v phr 3 • chiefly Ger settlement areas
make out v phr 6 • [Calque of Ger ausmachen]
mauger adj • [..Dan, Du, Ger, Norw, Sw mager..]
merkel n2 • [Prob < Ger morchel (PaGer marrichel)..]
mettwurst n • [Ger mettwurst, Du metworst..]
metzel soup n • [sGer Metzelsuppe sausage soup]
milk flatscher n • [Cf Ger Flatsche..; cf also swGer dial Flatsche..]
mill n1 3 • [..cf also Ger Mühle mill]
misht n • [PaGer mischt < Ger Mist dung, excrement]
mite v • [Ger meiden to shun, avoid]
moneys n pl • [..Cf also Ger Gelder n pl “funds, money”]
muddy n • [Cf Ger Mutti colloq var of Mutter mother]
mushle v • [..cf also Ger muscheln to shuffle (cards)]
mux n2 • [Ger Mucks a slight sound]
needle cushion n 1 • [Cf Ger Nadelkissen pincushion, literally “needle cushion”]
nit adv • [Ger dial nit, var of nichts nothing]
nix adv • [Ger nichts nothing]
nix adv 2 • [Ger nichts kommt heraus nothing will come of this]
noodle v2 • [Ger nudeln to force-feed geese]
nosh v • [Ger naschen to nibble on, Nascher a nibbler..]
not interrog exclam • [Ger nicht (wahr), PaGer net (wor)]
off-fall n2 • [Perh < Ger Abfall defection, apostasy]
oma n • esp in Ger settlement areas
on prep B12a • Ger settlement areas
on prep B12b • [Usu calque of Ger an..]
once adv B • chiefly German settlement areas
ootz v • [Cf Ger uzen to tease, chaff]
opa n • esp in Ger settlement areas
overden n • [PaGer owwerdenn < denn (Ger Tenne) threshing floor]
panhas n • [PaGer..from Ger dial panhaas] (MAP)
paradise apple n • [Cf Ger Paradiesapfel tomato]
peppernut n • esp in Ger settlement areas
pfannkuchen n • chiefly in Ger settlement areas
pfeffernuss n • chiefly in Ger settlement areas
philopena n • [..cf..Ger Vielliebchen, Phillipp(in)chen..]
pig’s ear n 2 • [Cf..Ger Schweinsohr in ref to pastries]
plotz v • [Ger platzen..to burst]
plunder n • [Ger dial Plunder household goods, junk]
Polack n • [..perh immediately from Ger Polack..R] (MAP)
pot eten n • [Du, Ger; literally “pot meal”]
puffer n2 • [Ger Kartoffel-puffer potato fritter]
pump n2 • [Ger auf Pump]
putch n • [..Ger Patsch a slap]
putz n • [Ger putz a decoration]
putz v • [..cf..Ger putzen to clean, decorate] (MAP)
rainworm n 1 • [..prob calque of Ger Regenwurm]
ramps n2 • [Var of rams < Ger Rams, Ramsch..]
reach v1 B3 • [Prob calque of PaGer reeche, Ger reichen..]
reezle n • [Ger Rüssel, PaGer riesel]
rumpelkammer n • [Ger “junk room”]
runza n • [..prob < Ger Ranzen a satchel]
rutch v • chiefly Ger settlement areas, esp PaGer area
-s suff5 • esp in Ger settlement areas
-s suff6 • [Relic of the Ger genitive ending used in certain expressions of time]
saddle horse n • [..Ger Sattelpferd] (MAP)
sand tart n 1 • [Ger Sandtorte, Sandkuchen]
sauerbraten n • [Ger] (MAP)
schaefchen n • [Ger Schäfchen lamb, little sheep]
schafskopf n • [Ger Schafskopf, literally “sheep’s head”] (MAP)
schimmel n • chiefly in Ger settlement areas
schlacht n • [Ger, literally “battle, slaughter”..]
schmoozle v • [Prob < Ger schmusen to cuddle]
schnabel n • [Ger Schnabel beak, bill; mouth]
schnecke n • esp in Ger settlement areas
schneider n • [Ger Schneider tailor..]
schnibble n • chiefly in Ger settlement areas
schnickelfritz n • [Perh < Ger dial Schnickel, Schniggel..+ the common name Fritz]
schnittlauch n • [Ger Schnittlauch]
schnitz n1 • [PaGer snitz .. < sGer dial Schnitz..] (MAP)
schnitzel n • [Ger Schnitzel a bit, a scrap]
schnitzel v • [Ger schnitzeln]
schwartemagen n • [Ger Schwartenmagen brawn..]
second Christmas (Day) n • [Calque of Ger zweiter Weihnachtstag..]
semmel n • esp in Ger settlement areas
sheep buck n • Ger settlement areas
shlook v, n • Ger settlement areas
shoenaher n • [Perh shoe or Ger Schuh + Ger Näher..]
shoespoon n • [Calque of Ger Schuhlöffel]
should v • [..some infl from the use of the cognate verbs in Ger and Scan langs to mean “is said to.”]
shunning n • [Calque of Ger Meidung]
siehst du interrog exclam • [Ger siehst du Do you see?] (MAP)
sixty-six n • esp in Ger settlement areas
skat n • chiefly in Ger settlement areas
slime eel n • [..cf Ger Schleimaal..]
slobberhannes n • [Ger Schlabberhannes messy person or animal]
smear n 1 • [Prob infl by the cognates in other Germanic langs: Ger Schmiere..grease..]
smear n 2 • [Ger schmieren to play a high card on one’s partner’s trick] (MAP)
smearcase n • [PaGer schmierkaes (Ger schmierkäse), literally “spread-cheese”] (MAP)
snickerdoodle n • [Varr, perh partly by folk-etym, of Ger (Swabian dial) Schneckennudel..]
snit n • [Ger Schnitt a piece, slice; a small glass of beer]
snollygoster n • [..from an assumed Ger schnelle Geister,..unsupported by any positive evidence.]
snoot, make a v phr • [..may..reflect the equivalent Ger phr eine Schnauze (or Schnute) machen,..]
snouse v • [..Ger dial schnäuzen to stick one’s nose into things]
sow and pigs n • [Cf..Ger Sauball for the same game] (MAP)
spanferkel n • in German settlement areas, esp WI
spatzie n • [Ger Spatz(en) sparrow(s)]
speck n2 • chiefly in Ger, esp PaGer, settlement areas
spook n • [Du spook, Ger Spuk]
spritz v • [PaGer spritze < Ger spritzen] (MAP)
stable n 1 • [..primarily a calque of Ger Schweinestall < Stall..]
stand up v phr • Ger settlement areas
sticking full adj phr • [Cf..also Ger stecken voll to be full of]
stick on v phr • [PaGer aaschtecke (Ger anstecken) to kindle]
straw widow n • [Prob calque of Ger Strohwitwe]
strong adj B • [Ger streng strict, severe]
strubbly adj, adv • [PaGer schtruwwlich; cf Ger strubb(e)lig tousled]
suelze n • chiefly Ger settlement areas, esp WI
sweetwood n 2 • [Calque of Ger Süßholz (PaGer siesshols)]
tailor v • [Cf Ger Schneider tailor; player who fails to make a certain score..]
thick milk n • [Prob calque of PaGer dickemilich or Ger Dickmilch,..] (MAP)
throughother adv, adj, n • [..also..from PaGer darrich(e)nanner, Ger durcheinander..]
tie loose v phr • [Calque of Ger losbinden (PaGer losbinne)]
till prep B4 • [Mostly calque of (Pa)Ger bis (prep, conj) till, by (the time that)..]
till conj C2 • [Calque of (Pa)Ger bis..]
to prep B14 • [Prob < Ger jemandem etwas zutrauen to trust someone with something]
to adv C1 • [..cf Ger zumachen to shut, close]
toe n1 1 • [Prob calque of Ger Zeh toe, clove (of garlic)]
toot n2 • [PaGer tutt, dutt, Ger Tüte]
trimble n • [PaGer drummbel (Ger Maultrommel)]
turner n1 • orig in German settlement areas, now widespread
turnverein n • [Ger, literally “gymnastic society”]
up-sitting n • [Cf Ger aufsitzen, Du opzitten]
vesper n • [Ger dial vesper]
wamus n • [Du.., dial Ger and PaGer wammes (Ger Wams)] (MAP)
wash bear n • [Cf Ger Waschbär]
water smeller n • [Calques of Ger Wasserschmecker, Wasserriecher]
weensy adj • [..cf also Ger winzig tiny]
what for (a) adj phr • [In some areas obviously a calque of Ger was für (ein)..]
white liver n • [..cf Fr foie blanc, Ital fegato bianco, Ger weisse Leber..]
wildfire n • [..here a calque of PaGer wildfeier (Ger Wildfeuer)]
with adv C1 • [In imitation of the adverbial use of Ger mit..]
wolfbean n • [Calque of Ger Wolf(s)bohne..]
yah adv • [Cf Ger, Du, Norw, Sw, Dan ja] (MAP)
yass n • [Swiss, south Ger Jass]
yet adv, conj B4 • esp in Ger settlement areas
man n C1 • [..in US prob reinforced by the parallel use of the cognates in other Germanic languages..]
smear n 1 • [Prob infl by the cognates in other Germanic langs..]
stand v 3 • [Calque of an idiom found in most Germanic languages other than English]
thick milk n • [Prob calque of PaGer dickemilich or Ger Dickmilch, but cf similar compounds in other Germanic
langs] (MAP)
want v1 C2 • [Scots, nIr dial, perh reinforced by parallel constrs in other Germanic langs]
with adv C1 • [In imitation of the adverbial use of Ger mit and its cognates in other Germanic languages..]
ain’t v2 • PaGer and other Ger settlement areas
all adj2 • [PaGer all from Ger alle all gone] (MAP)
already adv B1 • [Calque: through PaGer from Ger schon already, yet, so far]
already adv B2 • [Calque: ult from Ger schon as transmitted independently by PaGer schun and Yidd shoyn]
alter n • PaGer
awhile now adv phr • [PaGer alleweil just now]
bake-oven n • [..cf PaGer back offe, bock offe]
bas ufft v phr • [..PaGer uffbasse to pay attention..]
batselboom n • [PaGer bottzelbawm..]
bauch n • [PaGer]
bauchgot n • [PaGer, Ger bauchgurt]
beddle v • PaGer
beisich adj • PaGer
bloom-sock n • PaGer area
blotz v, n • PaGer area
blutz wagon n • PaGer area
boi n • PaGer
bube lice n • [PaGer bube, buwe, dimins bubli, buwli boy]
buckleback n, adv • [PaGer buckel upper back]
bushnipple n • [PaGer buschgnippel clodhopper]
butsel n • PaGer
butterbread n • chiefly PaGer area
cluck n • [Borrowed..from Ger glucke, klucke (PaGer gluuk)..]
crootsed up ppl adj • [Cf PaGer gruunselt wrinkled]
dapp v • [PaGer dappe (Ger tappen)]
dare v B • PaGer area
doppel n • PaGer area
doppich adj • chiefly PaGer area
dress around v phr • PaGer area
dress out v phr • PaGer area
dudelsack n • [PaGer dudelsack]
Dunker n • [PaGer dunke, Ger dunken, tunken to dip]
eat oneself (done) v phr • [Calque from PaGer..]
elbedritsch n • [PaGer, from Ger Elbe(n)trisch..] (MAP)
fastnacht n • [PaGer fasnacht < Ger Fastnacht fast night (Shrove Tuesday)]
fatcake n • chiefly PaGer area
ferdarva adj • PaGer area
ferdutzt adj • PaGer area
ferhex v • esp PaGer area
ferhoodle v • PaGer area
ferhoonse v • chiefly PaGer area
ferricked adj • PaGer area
ferschimmelt adj • [PaGer < Ger verschimmelt moldy]
ferschnapp oneself v phr • [PaGer < Ger verschnappen to make a slip of the tongue]
freindschaft n • PaGer area
fress v • PaGer area and areas of Yiddish infl
fresser n • PaGer area and areas of Yiddish infl
gabootzt adj • [PaGer gebutzt]
gagrish n • [PaGer gegrische, gegreisch yelling]
gashel n • [PaGer Geeschel, Gayschel < Ger Geissel]
geik n • PaGer area
get awake v phr • among PaGer speakers (MAP)
give v B1 • chiefly PaGer area
gounsh v, n • [Cf PaGer gaunsche to swing]
gowl n • [PaGer gaul horse]
greissel v • PaGer area
greisslich adj • PaGer area
ground cellar n • [Cf PaGer Grundkeller ground cellar]
grundniss n • [PaGer]
hair n B2 • chiefly German settlement areas, esp PaGer
hecker n • PaGer area
hex n 1 • esp PaGer area
hex v • [PaGer hexe, Ger hexen] (MAP)
hexerei n • PaGer area
hickle v • [PaGer < Ger dial hikele]
hivvely adj • [PaGer hiwwel, hivvel hill; hiwwlich, hivlich hilly]
hommie n • PaGer area
hommilie n • PaGer area
hoodle v • [PaGer < Ger hudeln..]
hoof exclam C • PaGer area
hootch n2 • PaGer area
huss exclam • [PaGer]
jellybread n • esp PaGer area
keekling n • [Cf..PaGer kichli little cake]
keep v B4 • [Calque of PaGer uf(f)halde]
kitch n • [PaGer kitsch]
knepp n pl • [PaGer gnepp dumplings..] (MAP)
kotz v • Ger and PaGer settlement areas
krex v • esp in Ger, PaGer, and Jewish settlement areas
Kris(s) Kringle n • chiefly PaGer area, but more widely recognized
kuchen n • [..PaGer kuche cake, cookie] (MAP)
land rain n • [Calque of Ger Landregen (PaGer landrejje, landregge) a steady rain]
lattwaerrick n • [PaGer < Ger Latwerge electuary]
laugh n B2 • [Cf PaGer lache to laugh, whinny < Ger lachen to laugh]
little n C2 • [Calque of Ger von klein auf (or an), PaGer vun glee uff]
loan v B • [Cf PaGer lehne, Ger leihen to lend, loan, borrow]
lock open v phr • esp PaGer area
long already adv phr • [PaGer schun lang, Ger schon lange]
look v B6 • [Calque of PaGer..]
make v1 C17 • chiefly PaGer area
make v1 D24 • [Calque of PaGer wacker mache]
make v1 D27 • [Calque of PaGer..]
make down v phr 3 • [Calque of PaGer..]
merkel n2 • [Prob < Ger morchel (PaGer marrichel)..]
milk pie n • PaGer area
misht n • [PaGer mischt < Ger Mist dung, excrement]
moshey n • [PaGer mooschi taffy]
mulligrub n 1 • PaGer area
mullikep n • [PaGer mollekopp, mullikopp]
noach n, v • [Prob < PaGer gnoche bone]
not interrog exclam • [Ger nicht (wahr), PaGer net (wor)]
off n F1 • chiefly PaGer area
ouch v • esp PaGer area
overden n • [PaGer owwerdenn < denn (Ger Tenne) threshing floor]
panhas n • [PaGer pannhas..from Ger dial..] (MAP)
pfeffernuss n • [Ger..; PaGer pefferniss..]
pieceway(s) n • [..in PA perh reinforced by PaGer schtick wegs..]
putz n • chiefly PaGer area
reach v1 B3 • esp PaGer area
reezle n • [Ger Rüssel, PaGer riesel]
rivel n • chiefly PaGer area
rutch v • [Ger rutschen, PaGer rutsche]
rutchie n • [Appar dimin of PaGer rutsch sliding place]
-s suff6 • PaGer area
saddle horse n • [..cf PaGer saddelgaul (rearmost) left hand horse in a team..] (MAP)
salad n B2a • [Engl dial.; PaGer (Gaarde) salaat lettuce]
sand tart n 1 • esp in PaGer settlement areas
say v C • PaGer area
schmutz v • chiefly PaGer area
schnitz n1 • [PaGer snitz ..< sGer dial Schnitz ..] (MAP)
schnitz v • [PaGer schnitze]
schussel n • [PaGer schussel a hasty, flighty person]
schussel v • PaGer area
scrooch v 5 • [Perh infl by PaGer rutsch]
second Christmas (Day) n • [Calque of..PaGer zwette Grischdâk]
shell n1 4 • PaGer area
shippy n • [PaGer shipli, prob infl by sheepy]
slippery dumpling n • PaGer settlement area
smearcase n • [PaGer schmierkaes..literally “spread-cheese”] (MAP)
snake guarder n • [Calque of PaGer schlangehieter]
snake heeder n • [Partial calque of PaGer schlangehieter, literally “snake guarder”]
sneaky adj • PaGer area
snoopy adj • [Prob PaGer schnuppich]
snoot, make a v phr • [..may..reflect the equivalent Ger phr eine Schnauze..machen, PaGer en schnut mache]
snouse v • [PaGer schnausse,..to stick one’s nose into things]
sots n • [PaGer < MHG saz sediment]
speck n2 • chiefly in Ger, esp PaGer, settlement areas
spritz v • [PaGer spritze < Ger spritzen] (MAP)
stand up v phr • [Calque of..PaGer uffschteh..]
stenner n • [PaGer schtenner]
stick on v phr • PaGer area
still adv 2 • chiefly PaGer areas
stink cheese n • esp PaGer settlement areas
streissler n • PaGer area
strubbly adj, adv • chiefly PaGer area
swoo exclam • scattered, but esp PaGer area, sAppalachians
thick milk n • [Prob calque of PaGer dickemilich or Ger Dickmilch,..] (MAP)
three-foot n • [Calque of PaGer Dreifuss]
throughother adv, adj, n • [..also..from PaGer darrich(e)nanner, Ger durcheinander..]
tie loose v phr • [Calque of Ger losbinden (PaGer losbinne)]
till prep B4 • esp PaGer area
till conj C2 • PaGer area
to prep B5 • PaGer area
toot n2 1 • chiefly PaGer area (MAP)
toward prep B • PaGer area
try v 3 • PaGer area
under through prep phr • PaGer, Du settlement areas
wamus n • [Du.., dial Ger and PaGer wammes..)] (MAP)
want v1 D • [PaGer]
wildfire n • [..here a calque of PaGer wildfeier (Ger Wildfeuer)]
will v B2 • esp PaGer area
wonder v1 1 • esp PaGer area
wonder v1 2 • esp PaGer area
wonderful adv • orig widespread, now esp PaGer area
wunnerfitz n • [PaGer (g)wunnerfitz curiosity, curious person]
wutz(ie) n, exclam • chiefly in PaGer settlement areas (MAP)
year v2 • [Calque of PaGer sich jaehre to have one’s birthday anniversary]
yet adv, conj B4 • [Prob calque of Ger (and PaGer) doch]
zitterli n • [PaGer zitterli]
hommilie n • [PaGer hamm(e)li; SwissGer ammeli]
hornet n • Swiss German settlement areas
Kilby n • [SwissGer..dial varr of Ger Kirchweih]
pinochle n • [Swiss Ger Binokel] (MAP)
putch n • [Swiss Ger dial putsch a blow..]
yass n • esp Swiss Ger settlement areas
agate-eye n • chiefly Nth, esp Gt Lakes
alewife n • chiefly C Atl, N Atl, Gt Lakes
all-ee all-ee oxen (all in) free exclam • chiefly West and Gt Lakes, esp CA (MAP)
anti-i-over n, exclam • chiefly wGt Lakes, Upper MW, West (MAP)
apple pickle n • chiefly wGt Lakes
Arctic owl n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes
bean hole n • chiefly ME, Gt Lakes
Beelzebub n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes (MAP)
belly-slam n, v • chiefly eGt Lakes
belly-smacker n • chiefly eGt Lakes
berm n 4 • esp Gt Lakes
bismarck n • chiefly Upper MW, wGt Lakes
black ash n 1 • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes
black frost n 1 • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, C and S Atl, CA (MAP)
blat n, v 1 • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP and Map Section)
bloater n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes
blue pike n 1 • esp eGt Lakes
bob v • chiefly Gt Lakes and NEng
borrow v B1 • scattered, but esp wGt Lakes (MAP)
boulder n • esp wGt Lakes, West (MAP)
boulevard n 2 • chiefly wGt Lakes, Gulf States (MAP)
breakwall n • chiefly eGt Lakes
bromegrass n • Nth, esp Upper MW, Gt Lakes
buck euchre n • chiefly Gt Lakes
buckwheat cake n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Appalachians (MAP)
bum v2 • wGt Lakes
bumfoozle v • chiefly wGt Lakes
canaller n 2 • Gt Lakes
cisco n • chiefly Gt Lakes
coaster n3 • chiefly wGt Lakes
cook shanty n • chiefly Gt Lakes
crab n 1 • chiefly Nth, N Midl, esp Gt Lakes (MAP)
crow duck n 1 • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes
cyclone cellar n • chiefly wGt Lakes, West (MAP)
dew worm n • chiefly Gt Lakes (MAP)
dirty work at the crossroads n • esp Gt Lakes
dogfish n 2 • chiefly Upper Missip Valley, Gt Lakes (MAP)
downfall n 1 • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes
drive n 6 • Nth, esp NEng, Gt Lakes
eelpout n 2 • chiefly NEng, Gt Lakes
farmer match n • chiefly Upper MW, Gt Lakes, NY, WV (MAP)
fish fly n 2 • chiefly Gt Lakes
five hundred n 2 • esp West, Gt Lakes (MAP)
fix v B7 • scattered, but chiefly Atlantic, Gt Lakes, CA (MAP)
four corners n pl 2 • esp Gt Lakes (MAP)
friedcake n 1 • chiefly Nth, esp Gt Lakes, Upstate NY (MAP)
gab n1 • now esp Gt Lakes, Upper MW (MAP)
gaup v 1 • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
gee horse n • scattered, but esp N Cent, Gt Lakes (MAP)
German potato salad n • chiefly Gt Lakes, N Cent, esp WI (MAP)
gizzard fish n 1 • Gt Lakes
gold coast n • scattered, but esp Gt Lakes (MAP)
gorge n1 • scattered, but chiefly NEast, Appalachians, Gt Lakes, SW (MAP)
goshawk n 1 • now chiefly Gt Lakes, PA (MAP)
grass frog n b • esp Gt Lakes
green corn n 2 • scattered, but esp eNEng, Gt Lakes, sCA (MAP)
hardhead n 7 • chiefly Gt Lakes (MAP and Map Section)
hardware disease n • scattered, but esp Gt Lakes
hepatica n • chiefly NEast, N Midl, Gt Lakes (MAP)
herring n1 2 • Gt Lakes
herring choker n 2 • esp wGt Lakes
honey rock melon n • esp Gt Lakes
horse stable n • chiefly NEast, C Atl, eGt Lakes (MAP)
Indian cigar n • chiefly Midl, Gt Lakes (MAP)
jack n1 3 • esp Gt Lakes
June grass n 1c • esp NEast, Gt Lakes
kick v B3 • esp C Atl, Gt Lakes (MAP)
kielbasa n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp in Polish settlement areas
kiyi n • Gt Lakes
klatch n • scattered, but chiefly Upper Missip Valley, Gt Lakes (MAP)
lake fly n • chiefly Gt Lakes
lake trout n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes, Upstate NY (MAP)
lamper eel n 1 • chiefly NEng, Gt Lakes
lift n2 • Gt Lakes
lift v 4 • Gt Lakes
liver sausage n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Upper Missip Valley (MAP)
lobber v • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp Upstate NY, CT, MI (MAP and Map Section)
long-fingered adj • chiefly Gt Lakes, PA (MAP)
longjaw n • Gt Lakes
lumberjack n • Gt Lakes
Mackinaw trout n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Rocky Mts
maple camp n • esp NEast, Gt Lakes
maple cream n • esp NEast, Gt Lakes
maple wax n • esp NEast, Gt Lakes
marsh hay n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Atlantic (MAP)
marsh rabbit n 2 • chiefly C Atl, Gt Lakes (MAP)
massasauga n • chiefly Gt Lakes
milch cow n • scattered, but chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
*milk cow n • widespread, but less freq NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
mill n1 3 • esp Gt Lakes
moccasin flower n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
mow away v phr • chiefly NEng, NY, Gt Lakes (MAP)
muddler n • chiefly Gt Lakes
muley adj, n2 A3 (pronc) • chiefly Upstate NY, nPA, wGt Lakes (MAP)
muskellunge n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes, OH, PA, Upstate NY (MAP)
*nicker n1, v • widespread exc NEast, Gt Lakes; less freq S Atl (MAP and Map Section)
nigger hair n 3 • esp Gt Lakes
nigh horse n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
night pasture n • scattered, but esp eGt Lakes, Upstate NY (MAP)
nip n2 • esp Gt Lakes
northeaster n • chiefly Atlantic; also Gt Lakes (MAP)
northern pike n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes (MAP)
northwester n • chiefly Atlantic, Gulf States, Gt Lakes (MAP)
Norway pine n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp MI, WI, MN (MAP)
oak opening n • chiefly wGt Lakes, esp WI, MI
owly adj • chiefly Upper MW, Gt Lakes (MAP)
partridge n B2 • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes
pasty n 1 • scattered, but chiefly Gt Lakes, esp MI (MAP)
pea bean n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
pea soup n 1 • chiefly NEast, nGt Lakes (MAP)
pickerel n 2a • chiefly Gt Lakes, AK
pickerel n 3 • chiefly Gt Lakes
pike n1 2 • chiefly Gt Lakes
pitchfork n 3b • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
pokelogan n • NEng, Gt Lakes, NW
pole barn n • chiefly Missip-Ohio Valleys, Gt Lakes, Upstate NY, CT, Mid Atl (MAP)
pom-pom-pullaway n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Upper MW, Plains States, Rocky Mts, sCA (MAP)
poop v, n • widespread, but more freq NEng, NY, Gt Lakes, S Atl, West (MAP)
popple n1 • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, IN (MAP)
pothole n 2 • chiefly wGt Lakes, Upper MW, NW
pound net n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Mid Atl
preacher Jack n • scattered, but more freq NY, PA, wGt Lakes
pug n • chiefly NEng, wGt Lakes, CA (MAP)
putz v • esp wGt Lakes (MAP)
racer n 2a • Gt Lakes
ram v 1 • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
rice hen n • chiefly Gt Lakes
*ridge roll n • widespread, but less freq NEast, Gt Lakes, Pacific (MAP)
riding plow n • esp Midl, Gt Lakes (MAP)
*rock fence n • widespread exc NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
root house n • chiefly Nth, esp Gt Lakes, WA (MAP)
*running off (at the bowels) n • widespread exc NEast, C Atl, Gt Lakes (MAP)
salmon trout n 1b • Gt Lakes, NEast
salmon trout n 1c • orig West; now also Gt Lakes
salt-rising n • scattered, but more freq W Midl, Gt Lakes (MAP)
sand fly n 2 • Gt Lakes
scrap n • chiefly Midl, Gt Lakes (MAP)
*see v B3a • widespread, but less freq NEast, Gt Lakes, CA (MAP)
self-sown adj phr • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
sheepshead n 2 • chiefly Gt Lakes
shepherd’s pie n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp PA (MAP)
shiner n 1 • scattered, but esp NEast, Gt Lakes, Gulf States (MAP)
shortjaw cisco n • Gt Lakes
shuck n1 2b • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
skew- pref c • esp Gt Lakes, CA (MAP)
skidway n a • chiefly Gt Lakes, NY
skitching vbl n • esp NEast, Gt Lakes
slam n 1 • esp N Cent, Gt Lakes (MAP)
*slop bucket n 1 • widespread, but less freq NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
snake room n • esp Gt Lakes
snit n • chiefly wGt Lakes, esp WI
spotted adder n 1 • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
spouting n • chiefly PA, OH, Gt Lakes (MAP)
spreader n • scattered, but chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes
sprinkler n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes, esp MI
stand v 3 • esp Gt Lakes
stook n 1 • chiefly NEng, nNY, Gt Lakes (MAP)
storm house n 1 • Nth, esp Upstate NY, Gt Lakes (MAP)
strawberry bass n 1 • chiefly Gt Lakes, Upstate NY
stump fence n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
sugar bush n 1 • chiefly wNEng, Upstate NY, Gt Lakes (MAP)
sugar snow n • esp NEast, Gt Lakes
supper club n • chiefly Gt Lakes, esp WI
swamp cedar n 3 • chiefly Gt Lakes
sweat bee n 1 • chiefly Midl, Gt Lakes, Cent (MAP)
Swede n 3 • esp wGt Lakes
swill v • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
swimmer’s itch n • orig Gt Lakes; now more widespread
tag alder n 1 • chiefly Nth, esp Gt Lakes (MAP)
*taw n C1a • widespread exc NEast, Gt Lakes, Upper MW (MAP)
tenner n • chiefly wPA, Gt Lakes
tennie n • scattered, but chiefly wGt Lakes, IA, West exc NW (MAP)
terrace n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Upper Missip Valley (MAP)
thimbleberry n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, NW, nCA (MAP)
thorn apple n 2 • widespread, but esp Gt Lakes (MAP)
three-step n • chiefly Gt Lakes, NW, CA (MAP)
thunder pumper n 1 • scattered, but esp wGt Lakes, Upper MW
timberdoodle n • chiefly NY, wGt Lakes
*tit-tat-toe n 1 • widespread, but less freq NEng, Gt Lakes (MAP)
tote sled n • chiefly NEng, Gt Lakes
tote team n • Nth, esp NEng, Gt Lakes
tote wagon n • esp NEng, Gt Lakes
town road n • NEng, Upstate NY, wGt Lakes
transport n • chiefly Missip Valley, West, Gulf States, Gt Lakes, Upstate NY (MAP)
tree lawn n • chiefly Gt Lakes, esp OH
tree tag n • esp Gt Lakes
trim v 1 • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
trout-perch n 2 • esp Gt Lakes
tullibee n • Gt Lakes, esp MN
tush n C1 • formerly widespread, now chiefly Sth, W Midl, Cent, TX; scattered NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
twenty-four-hour bug n • esp Gt Lakes
vessel n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
vetbollen n pl • Upper MW, Gt Lakes in Du settlement areas
wanigan n 1 • chiefly ME, Gt Lakes; also AK
wanigan n 2 • chiefly ME, Gt Lakes
wanigan n 3 • chiefly ME, Gt Lakes
weather bundle n • esp Gt Lakes, N Midl (MAP)
whiffletree n • scattered, but chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
whoop n C2 • scattered, but esp S Atl, Gulf States, Gt Lakes, Upper MW, Pacific (MAP)
wiggler n 2a • Gt Lakes
winter chippy n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes
winter duck n 2 • esp Gt Lakes
*witching stick n • widespread, but less freq Atl, Gt Lakes (MAP)
woolly caterpillar n • esp NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
work party n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)
work-up n • chiefly west of Missip R, Gt Lakes (MAP)
yellow pike n • chiefly Gt Lakes, esp wNY
yellow poplar n 2 • chiefly Gt Lakes
york v • esp Gt Lakes, PA
youse pron 1 • esp NEast, N Midl, Gt Lakes
hieronymous n • [Perh < Gk hieron osteon sacrum]
hoi polloi n • [Orig Gk “masses, rabble”..]
soothsayer n • [Transl of Gk mantis]
windflower n • [OED2 1551 ➝ as a transl of the Gk anemone]
Adam’s housecat n • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
aguardiente n • chiefly SW, Gulf States
air, (up) in the adj phr 3 • chiefly Gulf States
alligator snapper n • Gulf States and Missip Valley
*anti-over n, exclam • widespread, but least freq NEast, Gulf States
appaloosa n2 • chiefly Gulf States, AR, OK
baby-pepper n • chiefly Gulf States
backstick n • chiefly sAppalachians, Gulf States (MAP)
barnyard n 2 • ?Gulf States
bateau n B2 • chiefly C and S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
baygall n • Gulf States
bayou n B4 • Gulf States
bec-scie n • Gulf States, esp LA
bellows n, v C • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
bird-eye pepper n • S Atl, Gulf States
bitter pecan n • Gulf States
*bluegill n • widespread, but least freq in Atl and Gulf States
bobbasheely n • esp Gulf States
bobbasheely v • Gulf States
bogue n • chiefly Gulf States
bonnet n B1 • chiefly Gulf States
bots n pl 1 • chiefly S Midl, Gulf States (MAP)
boulevard n 2 • chiefly wGt Lakes, Gulf States (MAP)
buck ague n 1 • chiefly W Midl, Gulf States (MAP)
buck naked adj • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
bullbat n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States, SW, scattered S Midl (MAP)
calf-rope, holler v phr • chiefly S Midl, Gulf States (MAP)
camp n 1 • chiefly NEast, Gulf States
camphor weed n 2 • esp Gulf States
camphor weed n 3 • S Atl and Gulf States
carpet grass n 1 • chiefly Gulf States
carrot n 1 • esp Gulf States
cat squirrel n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
cavalla n • S Atl and Gulf coasts
cavally n • S Atl and Gulf coasts
chalk n1 • chiefly Gulf States, scattered W Midl (MAP)
Chinaberry n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
China tree n • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States
chunk v 2 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
cigarfish n • chiefly Gulf States
clearseed n • chiefly Gulf States, S Atl (MAP)
coachwhip snake n • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
coffeeweed n • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States
come v B4 • chiefly Gulf States
conquer John n • chiefly Gulf States, Lower Missip Valley
cooter n • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States, esp SC
cooter n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States, esp SC (MAP)
corkwood n • chiefly Gulf States
corn bead (seed) n • Gulf States
corn dog n • esp Gulf States, SW
corvina n c • Atl and Gulf coasts
crib n1 1 • chiefly W Midl, Gulf States (MAP)
croker sack n • chiefly Gulf States, S Atl (MAP)
curd n 1 • scattered, but chiefly Gulf States, S Atl, NEast (MAP)
custard apple n 1 • chiefly FL, Gulf coast
delta potato n • Gulf States
doodlebug n 6b • chiefly Gulf States, Cent, N Midl (MAP)
drift fishing n 1 • chiefly Mid Atl, Gulf States
drowsy adj 1 • esp Gulf States, Ohio Valley (MAP)
dry drought n • chiefly GA, SC, Gulf States
earscrew n • chiefly Gulf States, Lower Missip Valley (MAP)
easy walker n • chiefly Gulf States, SC
English pea n • esp Gulf States (MAP)
evergreen oak n a • Gulf States
extra n C2 • chiefly Gulf States, Mid Atl (MAP)
field pine n 1 • chiefly SE, Gulf States
firedog n • scattered, but esp freq sAppalachians, S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
fire iron n 1 • chiefly Gulf States, S Atl, N Cent (MAP)
fix v B3 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
flies and skinners n • chiefly Gulf States, esp TX (MAP)
flounder v1 • Gulf States
fool v 1b • scattered, but chiefly S Midl, Gulf States, Cent (MAP)
French mockingbird n 2 • S Atl, Gulf States
fruit basket n b • chiefly Gulf States, Inland Sth (MAP)
gallery n • chiefly Gulf States, AR, TX (MAP)
gator n • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States
Georgia stock n • chiefly Gulf States, AR, OK (MAP)
*get v C2 • widespread, but less freq S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
gopher n1 2a • chiefly West, Missip Valley, Gulf States
granddaddy graybeard n 2 • chiefly Gulf States, S Atl
grande écaille n • chiefly Gulf States
grits n pl 1b • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
guinea wasp n • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
gully n 3 • esp Gulf States
gully n 4 • scattered, but esp Gulf States
gumbo n 2 • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA, but becoming widely recognized elsewhere (MAP)
hack v4 • esp S Atl, Gulf States
hail-over n, exclam • S Atl, Gulf States (MAP and Map Section)
hard-shell turtle n • chiefly N Cent, Cent, Gulf States (MAP)
highland terrapin n 1 • chiefly Gulf States, S Atl
high yellow n • scattered, but chiefly C and S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
hog’s head cheese n • chiefly Sth, S Midl, NEast, esp S Atl, Gulf States (MAP and Map Section)
hog wire n • scattered, but esp S Atl, Gulf States, Cent (MAP)
hoist v C1i(1) • Gulf States, SC
hold v C2a • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp Gulf States, AR (MAP)
hook, shoot a v phr • Gulf States
horse duck n 1 • esp Gulf States
hot stick n • esp SE, Gulf States
hot-water corn bread n • chiefly Gulf States, Inland Sth (MAP)
hydrant n 1b • esp SW, Gulf States (MAP)
Indian n B6 • esp Gulf States, TX (MAP)
Indian fire n 3 • Gulf States, esp LA
island n B2 • scattered, but esp Gulf States
jackdaw n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
jaded adj • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States
jake leg n1 1 • chiefly S Midl, wGulf States (MAP)
jakeleg adj, n2 • Gulf States, TN
jambalaya n 1 • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA (MAP)
jewfish n 1a • S Atl, Gulf States
jewfish n 1b • S Atl, Gulf States
joe darter n 1 • esp Gulf States, Lower Missip Valley (MAP)
joe darter n 2 • esp Gulf States, S Midl
jook n 2 • orig FL, later chiefly Gulf States, S Atl (MAP)
jump board n • esp Gulf States
June corn n • esp Gulf States
keg n, v A3 (pronc) • esp S Atl, Gulf States
kernel n 1 • chiefly C and S Atl; also Gulf States (MAP and Map Section)
king mackerel n • S Atl, Gulf States
king’s ex exclam, n • chiefly west of Missip R, Gulf States, Ohio Valley (MAP and Map Section)
kiss-me-and-I’ll-tell-you n 1 • chiefly TX, Gulf States
know v C • esp Gulf States
lagging line n • chiefly West, Gulf States, W Midl, esp sIL (MAP)
lagniappe n • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA (MAP and Map Section)
lamper eel n 3 • esp Gulf States
lie out v phr 1b • esp Gulf States
ling n 3 • Gulf States
loggerhead n 5b • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States, Lower Missip Valley (MAP)
lord god n 1 • chiefly SE, esp Gulf States (MAP)
love bug n • Gulf States
low sick adj phr • Sth, S Midl, esp Gulf States (MAP)
maguey n 1 • Gulf States, SW
maiden cane n • S Atl, Gulf States
make v1 C18b • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA
manner n 3a • chiefly S Midl, Gulf States, TX (MAP)
Mardi Gras n 2 • scattered, but esp Gulf States, NYC
maw n1 1 • chiefly Gulf States, Mid and S Atl
Mexican adj B3 • esp TX, Gulf States
milk pen n • esp Gulf States, TX
mosquito fly n • esp Gulf States, S Atl
mother dear n • chiefly Gulf States, S Atl (MAP)
mouse cat n • esp Ohio Valley, Gulf States (MAP)
mud cat n 1a • chiefly Missip-Ohio Valleys, Gulf States
*muley adj, n2 A2 (pronc) • scattered, but less freq Atlantic coast, Gulf States (MAP)
mussel n 2 • chiefly Midl, Gulf States
nail bar n • scattered, but esp West, Gulf States (MAP)
newground n 1a • chiefly C and S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
nibbling n • esp Gulf States
nig n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States
nigger n1 B11 • scattered, but chiefly Midl, Gulf States, TX (MAP)
*niggerhead n 1 • widespread exc Gulf States (MAP)
nigger-shooter n • chiefly Gulf States, TX
northwester n • chiefly Atlantic, Gulf States, Gt Lakes (MAP)
nut grass n 1 • scattered, but chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
*Osage orange n • widespread exc S Atl, Inland Sth, Gulf States (MAP)
pave n 2 • chiefly Gulf States, GA
pavement n • scattered, but chiefly C Atl, esp sePA; also Gulf States
pave road n • chiefly Gulf States, GA
pea patch n • esp Gulf States
pigoo exclam • chiefly OH Valley, Gulf States, S Atl (MAP)
pinder n • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
piney-woods rooter n • S Atl, Gulf States
*piss ant n 1 • widespread, but somewhat less freq NEast, Gulf States (MAP)
plantation n (pronc) • chiefly Gulf States |ˌplæntˈe(ɪ)šən|
pogy n 1 • chiefly nNEng, S Atl, Gulf States
pollywog n 4 • chiefly Gulf States, esp FL
pompano n 1 • S Atl, Gulf States
poor adj A1 (pronc) • esp Nth (exc neNEng), N Midl, Gulf States
poor boy n 1 • orig New Orleans LA; now widespread exc NEast, Mid Atl; esp freq Gulf States, TN, TX (MAP)
poor boy n 3 • esp Gulf States
poor boy v phr • scattered, but chiefly SW, Gulf States
pop n2 1 • scattered, but esp Atlantic, Gulf States (MAP)
potato pone n • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States
potlicker n1 2 • esp Gulf States (MAP)
quill melon n • esp Gulf Region
quinine water n • esp Gulf Region
rain lily n • chiefly Gulf States, esp TX
rat v 1 • esp Gulf States, Missip Valley (MAP)
rat snake n 1 • chiefly Gulf States, S Atl (MAP)
rattle n • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States
red bean n • scattered, but more freq Gulf States, West, Missip-Ohio Valleys (MAP)
redbill snipe n • esp Gulf States
redfish n a • Gulf States (MAP)
red-neck n 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp Gulf States (MAP)
red snapper n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States
remembrance n • S Atl, Gulf States
rice n (pronc) • esp S Atl, Gulf States |ras|
ricebird n 4 • chiefly Gulf States, GA (MAP)
rigor n • esp Gulf States, TX (MAP)
room n (pronc) • scattered, but esp NEng, Mid and S Atl, Gulf States |r^Um|
roost n 1 • chiefly Gulf States, SC, TX, W Midl, esp IN (MAP)
root the peg n • esp Gulf States, S Atl
rose-comb lightwood (knot) n • esp Gulf States
rosin heel n • Gulf States
row n 4 • chiefly Nth, Atlantic, Gulf States (MAP)
rubboard n 2 • esp Gulf States, TX, AR
running bean n • esp Gulf States
saddle board n • scattered, but esp NEng, Gulf States (MAP)
salamander n 2 • Sth, S Midl, esp Gulf States
salt cedar n 1 • chiefly SW, Gulf States
salt-meadow grass n a • Atlantic and Gulf coasts
saltwater trout n • S Atl, Gulf States
sardine n 1a • esp Gulf States
saw grass n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States
sawyer n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
scaffold n B3 • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA
scissorbill n 1 • S Atl, Gulf States
scratcher n 1 • esp Gulf States, TN
screwman n • Gulf States, esp LA
scrub n 2 • chiefly NEast, N Cent, TX, Gulf States (MAP)
shed room n • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States, TX (MAP)
shiner n 1 • scattered, but esp NEast, Gt Lakes, Gulf States (MAP)
shinny n2 • chiefly Gulf States
*shivaree n B1 • widespread, but less freq Atlantic, Gulf States exc FL (MAP and Map Section)
shivering owl n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
short adj 2 • esp Gulf States
side prep 2 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States
silk-stocking n attrib • scattered, but esp Gulf States, TX, Cent, Upper Missip Valley (MAP)
skillet n 1 • widespread, but somewhat more freq Midl, Gulf States, TX (MAP)
slick calm adj phr • chiefly Mid and S Atl, Gulf States
slide n 1 • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp Gulf States, Lower Missip Valley, TX (MAP)
slide n 2 • esp Gulf States, Lower Missip Valley(MAP)
smother v 1 • chiefly Gulf States (MAP)
snatch row n • esp Gulf States
spitting devil n • esp Gulf States
squinch adj 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States, TX (MAP)
stage plank n • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA
storm bird n • Gulf States
storm pit n • chiefly Gulf States, S Atl (MAP)
straw n 1 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States, TX (MAP)
streaked-head turtle n • Gulf Region
stretch worm n • GA, Gulf States
stump n1 1 • scattered, but chiefly C and S Atl, Gulf States, TX (MAP)
stumptail moccasin n • esp Gulf States
sungazer n • esp Gulf States
suption n1 • SE, Gulf States
swamp ape n • chiefly Gulf States, esp FL
swamp hog n • S Atl, Gulf States
swamp moss n 2 • Gulf States
swamp owl n 1 • chiefly Sth, esp Gulf States
swamp rat n 1 • chiefly Gulf States, Lower Missip Valley
Sweet Lucy n 1 • chiefly WV, Ohio Valley, wGulf States (MAP)
syrup candy n • chiefly Gulf States, GA, SC (MAP)
tar kiln n b • chiefly S Midl, Gulf States (MAP)
tea weed n 2 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States
throw down v phr • esp Gulf States, SW
tight line n • esp Missip-Ohio Valleys, Gulf States (MAP)
to prep B15 • Gulf States, sAppalachians
toad-frog stool n • esp Gulf States, GA
toad-strangler n • chiefly Gulf States, S Midl
*tobacco spitter n • scattered, but less freq N Atl, Gulf States, West (MAP)
toot v, n3 • chiefly N Cent, W Midl, Gulf States (MAP)
traffic circle n • chiefly Atlantic, Gulf States, SW (MAP)
transport n • chiefly Missip Valley, West, Gulf States, Gt Lakes, Upstate NY (MAP)
tread-soft(ly) n • S Atl, Gulf States
trotline n 1 • chiefly Gulf States, W Midl, Cent, TX, SC (MAP)
tumblesault n, v • chiefly NEast, C Atl; also Gulf States (MAP)
tumbleset n, v • chiefly SE, Gulf States; also NEast (MAP)
turn n 1a • chiefly Mid and S Atl; also Gulf States (MAP)
turnplow n • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States, WV (MAP)
unlegal adj • esp Gulf States
*vegetable cellar n • scattered, but less freq S Atl, Gulf States, SW (MAP)
wage hand n • S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
white perch n 5 • chiefly Gulf States, esp LA (MAP)
white trout n 1 • chiefly Gulf States, S Atl
whoop n C2 • scattered, but esp S Atl, Gulf States, Gt Lakes, Upper MW, Pacific (MAP)
whoop exclam D • esp S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
wiggler n 3 • chiefly S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)
wild peach n 1 • wGulf States, esp eTX
worrit v 1 • formerly scattered, now esp Gulf States, TX
*woven wire n • widespread, but less freq Atl coast, Gulf States, SW, Pacific (MAP)
yam potato n • chiefly Gulf States
yard child n 2 • esp S Atl, Gulf States
yard child n 3 • esp S Atl, Gulf States
yellow adj C • chiefly C and S Atl, Gulf States
yellowbreast sunfish n • esp Mid and S Atl, Gulf States
yellow catfish n • chiefly Gulf States, S Midl
yonder adv B2 • esp Gulf States, AR, GA
acknowledge n • Gullah
acquaintun ppl adj • Gullah
all both pron • Gullah
and thing conj phr • Gullah
answer n • Gullah
aw adv • Gullah
bactize v • Gullah
basket name n • Gullah
be v A3 • Gullah
be v B3d • esp Gullah
be v B7b • the constr is creole (Gullah)
belong v A1 • esp in representations of Gullah speech
belong v A2 • in representations of Gullah speech
bleebe v • Gullah
blind God n • Gullah
bloodynoun n • prob orig Gullah
blow one’s bone v phr • Gullah
break v A1 • also..bruk (Gullah)
breakfast n • ..in Gullah, brekwus, brukwus(s)..
buckra n • orig Gullah, now more widespread
by conj • Gullah
catch v B13 • Gullah
geechee n 1 • Gullah
co’ n • Gullah
crack one’s teeth v phr • Gullah
cubbitch adj 1 • Gullah
cunner n2 • [Perh by coalescence of Canoe, ult from Arawak, with Gullah ˈ kunu, ult Afr..]
dah n • Gullah
dash away v phr • Gullah
day clean n • chiefly Gullah
dead v 2 • Gullah
de-de phr • Gullah
deh adv • Gullah
do v C2b • esp freq among Black (esp Gullah) speakers
do v C7 • [Perh influenced by Gullah duh v]
done v • Gullah
duh prep • Gullah
duh v • Gullah
earth n • Gullah
eh-eh intj • Gullah
elsehow conj • Gullah
elseso conj • Gullah
enty interrog exclam • esp Gullah
’eself pron • Gullah
faid adj • Gullah
father n • also Gullah, farrah, farruh
filfil v • Gullah
fly v A1 • also Gullah flew, flew’d
foot n C2 • Gullah
foot n C5i • Gullah
for prep B2 • esp freq in Gullah, but also HI creole
for prep B4a(8) • Gullah
fowl-crow n • Gullah
fuh v • Gullah
gage v • Gullah
gaumandize v • Gullah
gelt n2 • Gullah
gelt v • Gullah
go v A6b • esp Gullah
grind salt v phr • Gullah
gunja n • esp freq among Gullah speakers
hatchet n • Gullah, hatchi(t)ch
he pron • ’e for he..is the usual form in Gullah
he pron 2 • among Blacks, esp Gullah speakers
he pron 4 • esp among Gullah speakers
he pron 5 • esp among Gullah speakers
hear v A1b • chiefly Gullah
higguhri-hee n • Gullah
him adj • chiefly Gullah
him pron B2 • Gullah
him pron B3 • Gullah
him pron B6 • esp Gullah
him pron B7 • Gullah
Jedus n • Gullah
keg n, v A4 (pronc) • esp Gullah
ki intj • Gullah
lick v • Gullah
lick v B1 • Gullah
little adj, n, v • among Gullah speakers
locus preacher n • esp Gullah
lukkuh prep, conj • Gullah
malawu n • Gullah
me adj a • Gullah
me pron 2b • chiefly Gullah
meet v 1 • Gullah
mojo n • [..cf Gullah moco witchcraft, magic..]
more adv B2 • Gullah
nana n2 • Gullah
neighbor n • Gullah
no-manners adj • Gullah
nyam v • chiefly Gullah
one adv C1 • among Black (esp Gullah) speakers
one-one adv, adj, n • among Gullah speakers
oule n • Gullah
own adj 2 • Gullah
piece n 4 • esp freq among Gullah speakers
pinto n2 • chiefly among Gullah speakers
pontop prep • Gullah
potato n A4 (pronc) • esp Gullah
praise house n • Gullah
praise meeting n 1 • Gullah
pull one’s foot v phr • Gullah
put v (pronc) • Gullah |pɪt|
question n, v • also Gullah squeschun, squestion
rein n A • Gullah
say conj • Gullah
see v A • Gullah
senkah conj, prep • Gullah
she pron 2 • esp freq among Gullah speakers
she pron 3 • Gullah
sheself pron • among Gullah speakers
she-she talk n • Gullah
shut v A • rarely Gullah, shetty
sometime adj • esp freq among Gullah speakers
stand v 1 • Gullah
stepney n • among Gullah speakers
sunhot n • Gullah
sweet-mouth v • chiefly Gullah
swonger adj • chiefly Gullah
swonger v • chiefly Gullah
taste v B3 • Gullah
tell v C2b • Gullah
them pron B3 • esp Gullah, HI creole
them adj C2 • Gullah
they adv • Gullah
tie one’s mouth v phr • Gullah
titty n1 • esp freq among Gullah speakers
toad n 7 • Gullah
too adv • chiefly Gullah; also HI Creole
topper prep • Gullah
trust-me-God n • Gullah
truth-mouth n • Gullah
turkey n • among Gullah speakers by metath tuckr(e)y, tukr(e)y
ugly adj, adv, n • Pronc-sp Gullah oagly
una pron • Gullah
very adv B • Gullah
victual n • Pronc-sp, in Gullah, bittle
voice n • esp among Gullah speakers |wɔɪs|
we pron • chiefly among Gullah speakers
we adj • chiefly among Gullah speakers
weself pron • Gullah
what make (so) adv phr • Gullah
what side adv phr • Gullah
where adv, conj, pron A3 (pronc) • Gullah
worth adj B • Gullah
yent v • Gullah
you adj, pron2 • among Black speakers, esp Gullah speakers