D

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Danish

      appleskiver n • [Dan æbleskive(r) < æble apple + skive disk, slice; dial]

      ish intj • [Norw isj, Dan, Sw isch]

      kringle n • [Prob primarily < Dan kringle..]

      krumkake n • [..Dan krumkage]

      lutefisk n • [Norw lutefisk; Sw lutfisk; Dan ludfisk] (MAP)

      mauger adj • [..Dan, Du, Ger, Norw, Sw mager..]

      pank v • [..cf Norw, Dan banke..]

      preacher’s lice n • [Cf Dan præstelus, Sw prästlus..]

      skillpot n • [..(Dan skildpadde, Norw skilpadde, Sw sköldpadda)] (MAP)

      skrook n • [Dan skrukhøne brooding hen]

      smear n 1 • [Prob infl by the cognates in other Germanic langs:..Dan smør..butter]

      snoose n1 • [Dan, Sw, Norw snus] (MAP)

      sylte n • [Dan, Norw sylte, Sw sylta]

      till prep B4 • [..also Sw till (prep) till, by (and perh also Dan, Norw til till, by)]

      yah adv • [Cf Ger, Du, Norw, Sw, Dan ja] (MAP)

DC, Washington See Washington, DC

decreasing (See also infrequent)

     boy n 1 • decreasing currency

      curl n, v • decreasing currency

Delaware

      baby coach n • chiefly ePA, sNJ, DE, MD (MAP)

      Dayton wagon n • esp MD, DE

      dearborn n • formerly widespread, now chiefly sePA, nMD, DE

      garlicky adj • chiefly DE, MD, NJ, VA (MAP and Map Section)

      hit it v phr 1 • scattered, but esp PA, MD, DE

      mom-mom n • PA, NJ, DE, MD (MAP)

      Moor n • chiefly cDE, sNJ

      mung you (all) pron • DE, MD

      papershell n 1 • esp MD, DE

      pop-pop n • chiefly PA, NJ, DE, MD (MAP)

      sheep fly n • esp MD, DE (MAP)

       slapper n • esp DE, PA

      slider n 1 • esp DE, MD; also Missip Valley

      snuff rubber n • esp DE, MD, PA, WV (MAP)

      speckle-back turtle n • esp NJ, DE

      tacker n • chiefly DE, MD, NJ, ePA

      viewing n • chiefly PA, NJ, MD, DE; also UT (MAP)

Delaware (language)

      pac n • [Perh < Delaware pacu, paku shoe..]

      seapoose n • [..cf Delaware sepus small brook]

      shoepack n • [Folk-etym < Delaware trade jargon seppock, sippack shoes]

Delmarva

      aftermath n • chiefly NEng, Delmarva

      baseborn adj • chiefly Delmarva, wNC

      battery n 1 • chiefly Delmarva

      bramble scythe n • Delmarva

      bullnose n • Delmarva

      corn stack n • Delmarva

      cow pound n • esp Delmarva

      cowsucker n 2 • esp KY, Delmarva

      crab cake n • chiefly Delmarva

      cubbie v • chiefly Delmarva

      dredge n1, v (pronc) • chiefly N and Mid Atl, Delmarva

      fire n, v (pronc) • esp Delmarva, sNJ

      gut n 1 • esp Delmarva

      hand horse n • Delmarva

      hardhead n 2d • chiefly Delmarva

      haul seine n • Delmarva

      house n, v (pronc) • Delmarva, esp VA

      lodging n • chiefly eNC, Delmarva

      maninose n • chiefly Delmarva, NC

      neither adj B • Delmarva

      nick n1 • Delmarva (MAP)

      peeler crab n • chiefly Delmarva

      pin-toed adj • esp Delmarva

      pipjenny n • esp Delmarva, S Atl (MAP)

      pitch n2 1 • chiefly NEng, Upstate NY, Delmarva, Missip Valley, Cent (MAP)

      post-and-rail fence n • chiefly NJ, Delmarva, WV, KY, OH, scattered NEng (MAP)

      pound n2 1 • esp Delmarva (MAP)

      pungey n • Delmarva

      *rattler n 1 • widespread, but less freq NEng, Delmarva (MAP)

      shat n • Delmarva

      soft-shell crab n • chiefly Delmarva, N Atl (MAP)

      Spanish oak n b(1) • esp Delmarva

      spunk knot n • esp Delmarva

      strike v B2 • esp Delmarva

      tailor n • esp Delmarva

      tump n1 • sDelmarva

      wire n (pronc) • esp sAppalachians, Delmarva |wɔr|

depreciatory (See also disparagement)

      nigger n1 B1a • Used in a depreciatory sense by White speakers

      nigger n1 B1b • Used in a depreciatory sense by Black speakers

derisive (See also disparagement)

      alter kocker n • often derisive but also used familiarly

      baa-baa n • sometimes derisive

      boogie n 3 • derisive

      cabbage n B4 • Used in..derisive nicknames for German settlement areas

      Cajun n1 2 • Transf and applied generally as a derisive epithet

      corn doctor n • often derisive

      edumacation n • somewhat derisive

      get-up n 2 • usu derisive

      gulch n 3 • used in derisive nicknames for places

      -ma- infix • in “nonsense” words, often with jocular, ironic, or derisive force

derogation; derogator(il)y (See also disparagement)

      Abie n • usu derog

      ack n • derog

      adobe-maker n • derog

      alligator n1 B5 • orig among Black speakers and derog

      alligator bait n 2 • derog

      ape n 1 • derog

      appleknocker n • often derog

      Arkie n 1 • often derog

      Arkie n 2 • derog

      asphalt arab n • humorous or derog

      astern the lighter adj phr • derog

      Aunt Jane n 1 • derog

      Aunt Thomasina n 1 • derog

      banana peddler n • derog

      bayao n 2 • joc, but sometimes taken as derog

      bazoo n 1 • joc or derog

      bead-puller n • derog

      beaner n 2 • derog

      beat n 2 • derog

      bible-back n 3 • often derog

      Bible banger n • often derog

      biddy n2 3 • derog

      bill n1 2 • derog

      biscuit beggar n • derog

      blab n 1 • joc, sometimes derog

      blabberskite n • joc, sometimes derog

      black Protestant n • usu derog

      blanket-buck n • derog

      blister n 1 • derog

      blue-bellied adj • often derog

      bluebelly n 1 • often derog

      blue gum n1 1 • freq derog

      blue-gummed adj • derog

      bluenose n 1 • sometimes derog

      bluestocking n 1 • sometimes derog

      bobby n1 • sometimes derog

      bock n3 • derog

      boghopper n • derog

      bogtrotter n 3 • joc, sometimes derog

      bohunk n 1 • often derog

      boodle n 1 • sometimes derog

      boot n2 5 • among Black speakers; sometimes derog

      bootchkey n • derog

      bow-and-arrow n • derog

      box-ankled adj • freq derog

      box, off one’s adj phr • joc, sometimes derog

      bozo n • somewhat derog

      brass ankle n • freq derog

      brown n 6 • derog

      brush ape n 1 • derog

      buck n1 2e • often considered derog

      buck n1 2d • usu considered derog

      buck n1 2c • usu considered derog

      bucket man n • derog

      buckra n 2a • usu considered derog

      buckwheat note n • usu derog

      bug n2 • often derog

      bug-eater n • derog

      bugger n1 B1 • sometimes derog

      bulldagger n • esp among Black speakers, freq derog

      burrhead n1 1 • derog

      cack n1 • [..cf other derog terms applied affectionately to children..]

      camel jockey n • derog

      Canuck n • often considered derog

      carp n1 • derog

      carrot eater n • derog

      cat-licker n • often derog

      cat’s ass n 3 • derog

      cattle n pl • derog

      cedar savage n 2 • derog

      charcoal n • old-fash, derog

      Charlie n 1 • sometimes derog

      Charlie n 2 • among Black speakers; derog

      chick n • esp among young speakers and among Black speakers; sometimes derog

      chicken necker n • derog

      chili n • derog

      chili eater n • derog

      chink n3 1 • usu considered derog

      chin-whisker adj • usu derog

      chocolate drop n 1 • derog

      cholo n • usu derog

      Christer n 1 • derog ?old-fash

      Christ killer n • derog

      churn-twister n • derog

      claphat adj • derog

      clay-eater n • usu derog

      coconut head n • derog

      codger n 1 • often derog, sometimes affectionate

      coffeepot n • derog

      conch n 1 • sometimes derog

      coon n1 1 • sometimes derog

      coonass n • orig derog; now sometimes neutral or accepted

      corncracker n 1 • sometimes derog

      cotbetty n • obsolescent, derog

      couillon n 2 • derog

      country n B2 • attrib in var usu derog combs

      cracker n 3 • among Black speakers; derog

      cracker-ass n 1 • derog

      critter n B1 • sometimes derog

      Croatan n • usu derog

      crock n3 2 • sometimes derog

      cross-back n • usu derog

      dinge n1 • derog

      dink n1 2 • as a derog term

      dinwiddie n • Used as a derog term

      dirt-eater n 1 • usu derog

      dizzy adj 1 • usu derog

      dog n1 B8 • derog

      dogan n • somewhat derog

      dogpelter n • derog

      dog stud n • old-fash, derog

      drab n1 • derog

      drag n 13b • derog

      duffer n • with a wide range of connotations from derog to affectionate 

      Dutchified adj • often derog

      Dutchman n 1 • sometimes derog

      Dutchy adj 1 • derog

      eel n 2 • usu derog

      eelpot n 2 • derog

      egg-sucker n 1 • derog

      egg-sucking ppl adj • derog

      faggot n • informal, freq derog

      Far-down n • formerly often derog, less so now

      farmer n 1 • somewhat more freq among younger speakers and coll educ speakers; derog (MAP)

      feist n 1 • freq derog (MAP)

      feist n 2 • derog

      Filipinyock n • derog

      fine adj 2 • usu derog

      fish-eater n • derog or joc (MAP)

      Fish Town n • derog

      flannelmouth n 2 • derog

      flat n1 1e • Used as a..derog nickname for a town or district

      flatfoot n 2 • Used as a derog nickname

      flatland n 1 • sometimes used by mountain dwellers as derog term

      fleabag n 1 • joc or derog

      floozy n1 • now usu derog

      Florida Indian n • derog

      fodder forker n • derog

      foolhead n • derog

      frijole-eater n • derog

      frog n B2 • sometimes derog (MAP)

      frogeater n • usu derog

      fruit tramp n • sometimes derog

      gad n2 • derog

      galoot n • usu derog, occas affectionate

      gazabo n • usu derog

      gazook n • derog

      geechee n • sometimes derog

      Georgia major n • joc or derog

      gink n • usu derog

      grandmother n 2 • derog

      greaseball n 1 • derog; usu considered offensive

      greaser n B1 • derog; usu considered offensive (MAP)

      grunt n 3 • derog

      Guinea n1 3 • derog (MAP)

      haolified adj • derog

      harp n 3 • often derog

      hausfrau n • occas derog

      Hawaiian time n • joc or derog

      haybag n • derog

      hayburner n 5 • often joc or derog

      head n C1 • usu derog

      hebe n • derog (MAP)

      high sheriff n • used as a joc or derog nickname

      hike n • usu derog

      Hoboken n 1 • joc or derog

      hog feed n • often joc or derog

      hombre n • occas derog

      home boy n 1 • affectionate or derog

      honky n 1 • chiefly among Black speakers; usu derog

      hooknose n 1 • derog

      hoosier n B1a • often derog

      hoosier n B1b • among Black speakers; derog

      hound dog n 2 • usu derog or joc

      hunyak n • derog

      hunyak n 2 • somewhat old-fash; often derog

      hymie n • [..derog term..]

      Ikey n 1 • usu derog

      Indian time n • usu derog

      ink n B • sometimes derog

      Irish n1 B2c • often considered derog

      Isaac n • derog

      issue n B1 • usu considered derog

      it n 1 • derog

      it pron D • usu derog or in ref to a child

      Itie n • derog

      jack Mormon n 1 • derog

      jack Mormon n 2 • often derog

      jackpine savage n • joc or derog

      jake n1 1 • derog

      jarhead n 2 • Used as a derog epithet

      jasper n2 1 • often derog

      jazzbo n • derog

      jeff n 1 • derog

      jelly bean n 1 • derog

      jelly bean n 2 • sometimes derog

      jerkwater adj 1 • joc or derog (MAP)

      jobbernowl n • Used as a vague term of derogation

      jook n 2 • often derog (MAP)

      jungle bunny n • derog

      kanaka n • often derog

      Kentuck n 2a • often derog

      kike n • derog (MAP)

      kinky-head n • derog

      klootchman n • often derog

      kraut n 2 • derog (MAP)

      kyoodle n • derog or joc

      lamb licker n • derog

      linthead n • derog

      loco n1 3 • derog

      longhead n 3 • used as a derog epithet

      lousy adj 2b • Used broadly as a derog intensive

      macaroni-smacker n • derog

      mackerel-snapper n • usu derog (MAP)

      mammy-dodging adj • used as a derog intensifier

      meat hound n • Used as a derog or joc epithet for a dog

      Mexican adj B1 • derog

      Mexican adj B4 • joc or derog

      Miss Ann(e) n • often derog

      Mister Charlie n • often derog

      mocky n1 • usu derog

      moke n • usu derog

      monkey n1 B8 • derog

      Mormon buckskin n • joc or derog

      mountain grill n • derog

      mountain nigger n • derog

      mud cat n 3 • joc or derog

      muskrat n 3 • Used as a derogatory term for a person

      nappy adj • sometimes derog

      narrowback n • derog

      nation n2 2 • Used as a vaguely derog epithet

      nester n • usu derog

      nigger n1 B2b • derog

      nigra n • sometimes derog

      nitchie n • occas derog

      ofay n • derog

      Okie n • often derog (MAP)

      one-gallus(ed) adj • usu derog

      pachuco n • derog

      paisano n 1b • derog

      pake n, adj • sometimes derog

      pea n1 6 • derog

      peanut n 5 • derog

      peckerwood n 2 • derog

      pelado n • usu derog

      penny-dog n 1 • sometimes derog

      peon n 1 • derog

      pepper belly n • often derog (MAP)

      piney n1 1 • occas derog

      piss-a-bed n 7 • derog (MAP)

      poi dog n • used as a derog term

      Polack n • often derog (MAP)

      Polander n • sometimes derog (MAP)

      polecat n 2b • derog

      poor White n 2a • derog (MAP)

      poot n 2 • a derog..term for a person

      Portuguese adj C • Used with derog force in var joc combs

      pot n 8 • old pot: Used as a derog term for a person

      pot n 9 • Used as the second element in var derog terms for a person

      pumpkin roller n • derog

      rag n1 8 • [Perh from the earlier use of rag(s) as derogatory terms for paper money..]

      raghead n • esp used as a derog term for a person from India or the Middle East

      ranny n 2 • sometimes derog

      rawhide n 2 • sometimes derog

      red-mouthed adj • Used as a derog epithet for a politician or lawyer

      red-neck n 2 • derog term for a White person perceived (MAP)

      river rat n 1 • usu derog

      rum n1 1 • Used as a generic, often derog, term for liquor (MAP)

      sack n 3 • derog

      Sambo n1 • often derog or joc

      sand hill n 2a • Esp of a person or animal..—sometimes derog

      sandhiller n 1 • derog

      sandlapper n 1 • derog

      sawbones n 1 • joc or derog

      Scowegian n • joc or derog

      scrag n1 • used as a general term of derogation for a person

      sculpin n 3 • Used as a derog term for a person or animal

      scut n2 • derog or joc

      scutter n1 1 • derog or joc

      scutter n1 2 • derog or joc

      sheeny n1 1 • derog (MAP)

      sheep dip n • joc or derog

      sheepherder n 1 • usu derog

      shine n 4 • usu derog (MAP)

      shirttail adj 2 • often derog

      shit-eater n • derog

      shoat n • Used as a derog term for a person

      shonicker n • derog

      siditty adj • derog

      Siwash n 1 • often derog

      Siwash n 2 • derog

      Siwash n 4 • joc or derog

      skibby n • derog

      skinny malink n • also used as a derog term for a person

      Slab Town n • Used as a derog nickname for a town or district

      slant-eye n • derog

      slop n2 • derog

      snowball n 5 • usu derog

      soap stick n 2 • Used as a derog term for a man

      soda cracker n • derog

      spear-chucker n • derog

      spik n • derog

      squaw man n • usu derog

      squint-eye n 2 • usu derog

      stick n 2 • usu derog (MAP)

      taco n 2 • derog

      tar baby n 1 • derog

      Texican n • often derog, for a migrant worker from Texas or elsewhere in the Southwest

      tick n1 4 • derog, or rarely affectionate, term for a person

      Tonto n 2 • derog nickname for an American Indian man

      toot n1 1 • used derogatorily or affectionately of a person

      towelhead n • derog term for a person from India or the Middle East

      town dude n • joc or derog name for a city person (MAP)

      trundle-bed trash n 2 • derog

      tuckahoe n 3 • often derog

      two-boater n • derog

      Uncle Tom n 1 • derog

      wagon burner n • derog

      wallio n • often derog

      wasp nest n 1 • freq derog

      whickerbill n 1 • also used as a vaguely derog (rarely affectionate) term

      whistle britches n • also used..broadly as a teasing or derog nickname

      whitey n 1 • chiefly among Black speakers; usu derog

      woodpecker n B2 • Used as a derog term for one who fells trees.

      woolly head n 1 • freq derog

      wop n1 1 • usu derog (MAP)

      yard ape n 2 • Used as a derog term

      yellowhammer n 5 • derog

      Yid n • freq derog (MAP)

      zigaboo n • Used as a derog term for a Black (or other dark-skinned) person

Desert Southwest

      antelope jackrabbit n • Desert SW

      burro fat n • Desert SW

      bushnut n • Desert SW

      cane cholla n • chiefly Desert SW

      crucifixion thorn n • chiefly Desert SW

      datil n • Desert SW

      ghostflower n 3 • Desert SW

      hediondilla n • Desert SW

      Indian rice n 2 • chiefly Desert SW

      indigo bush n 2 • Desert SW

      inmortal n • Desert SW

      Mormon tea n 1 • chiefly Desert SW

      mutual n • chiefly Rocky Mts, Desert SW

      palmilla n • Desert SW

      palo amarillo n • Desert SW

      palo blanco n 2 • Desert SW

      peach thorn n • Desert SW

      perky Sue n • chiefly Desert SW

      smoke tree n 2 • Desert SW

Dictionary of Bahamian English See Bahamian

Dictionary of Canadianisms See Canadian

Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage See Caribbean

Dictionary of Jamaican English See Jamaican

Dictionary of Newfoundland English See Newfoundland

Dictionary of New Zealand English See New Zealand

Dictionary of Prince Edward Island English See Prince Edward Island

Dictionary of Smoky Mountain English See Smoky Mountains

Dictionary of the Older Scottish Tongue; Dictionary of the Scottish Language See Scotland

diminutive

      alamo n • Also dimins alamillo, alamito

      armitas n pl • [armas + -ita dimin suff]

      arroyo n • dimin arroyito, arroyullo (MAP)

      barabara n • dimin barrabkie

      Belsnickel n • [Ger Pelz fur + Nickel dimin of Nicholas]

      bidar n • [Russ baidara, dimin baidarka]

      biddy n2 • [Dimin of Bridget..]

      biddykin n • [biddy n1 + -kin dimin suff]

      bisnaga n • dimin bisnagita

      blickey n1 • [From Du blikje dimin of blik tin, a pail]

      bolita n • [AmSpan bolita dimin of bola ball]

      brogan n • [Dimin form of Gael brōg shoe]

      bube n • Also dimins bubbelly, bubelicks

      bubeleh n • [Yiddish; dimins and varr of bubbe]

      bube lice n • [PaGer bube, buwe, dimins bubli, buwli boy]

      bug n1 1 • also dim buggy (MAP)

      calabacilla n • [MexSpan dimins of calabaza]

      cebolleta n • [Dimin of Span cebolla onion, bulb]

      cerro n • Also dimins cerrillo, cerrilo

      chitling n • [Prob chit n1 + -ling, dimin]

      cienaga n • dimin forms cienagita, cienaguilla, -o, cieneguita

      commie n • [Prob abbr for common marble + -ie, -(e)y dimin suff] (MAP)

      cookee n • [cook + -ee, -ey, -ie dimin suffs]

      cootie n2 • [coot + -ie dimin suff]

      coyotillo n • [MexSpan coyot(e) + -illo, dimin]

      doughnette n • [Dimin of doughnut]

      dovekie n • [Scots dimin of dove]

      dudeen n • [IrGael dūidīn, dimin of dūd pipe]

      dudie n • [Dimin of dude n]

      elbedritsch n • dimin elbedritschel

      escobita n • [Span dimin of escoba broom]

      fooskie n • [Du voos spongy, wooly, compressible + -ke dimin suff]

      frijolillo n • [AmSpan; dimin of Span frijol bean]

      garagette n • [garage + -ette dimin suff]

      garbancillo n • [MexSpan; dimin of garbanzo]

      gitlet n • [Prob Scots, nEngl dial get brat, bastard; dimins gettling, gytling, etc]

      golumpki n pl • [Cf Pol gołbki pl of golabek, dimin of gołb pigeon..]

      gorby n • [Prob Scots gorbie, dimin of gorb a greedy person or animal]

      gullie n • [Prob gull + dimin -ie]

      hapuu n 2 • usu dim hapuupuu

      hediondilla n • [Span hediondo literally “stinker”; MexSpan dimin hediondillo, -a..]

      hockie n • [hock the lower part of the leg of a quadruped + -ie dimin suff]

      holey n • [holey prob dimin of hole n 4 (and folk-etym or punning sp holy)]

      huckie n • [Dimin of huck haunch..]

      huisachillo n • [Dim of huisache]

      -ie suff 3 • [By ext from std use as dimin suff..]

      Ike n • [Dimin of Isaac]

      Itie n • [Dimin of Italian]

      jacal n • dimin jacalito

      kinlin n • [Prob..lin, pronc-sp for -ling, used as dimin or familiarizing suff]

      kish exclam • [Prob Du koetje, dimin of koe cow]

      kneffli n • [Ger Knöpfle..,dimin of Knopf knob, dumpling..]

      krapfen n • [sGer dial Krapfen, dimin Kräpfel]

      krebbel n • [Ger dial Kräppel, dimin of Krapfen] (MAP)

      lark n2 • Also dimins larkie, larky

      loma n • Also dimin lomita

      manzanilla n • [Span dimin of manzana apple]

      manzanita n • [Span dimin of manzana apple]

      minnow n A3 • These forms may be intended as dimins

      nappy n1 • [Scots dial dimin of nap bowl, basin] (MAP)

      natchie n • [Pronc-sp for dimin of natural D..]

      nibby n1 • [Prob dimin of nib n1]

      ocotillo n • [MexSpan ocotillo.., dimins of ocote]

      piloncillo n • [MexSpan; dimin of pilon..]

      pinkie n1 • [Du pink and its dimin pinkje..]

      pinkster n 2 • [Du..dimin pinksterbloemetje..]

      piroshki n • [Russ pirozhki.., dimin of pirog..]

      pitayita n • [Dimin of pitaya]

      pozo n • dimin pozuelo

      rolliche n • [Du rolletje, dimin of rol roll (in many spec senses..)]

      roncadina n • [Span dimin of roncador]

      rutchie n • [Appar dimin of PaGer rutsch sliding place]

      scrapple n • [Dimin of scrap..] (MAP)

      senita n • [..dimin of sina..]

      -sie suff • Used to form diminutives or hypocoristic nouns

      sookie exclam • [Dimin of sook exclam;..] (MAP)

      tasajillo n • [MexSpan tasajillo, dimin of tasajo]

      teensy adj • [Prob teeny infl by dimin suff -sy..]

      tinesy adj • [Prob tiny infl by dimin suff -sy; cf teensy]

      tomatillo n • [Span dimin of tomate tomato]

      triggie n • [Perh dimin of trig n..]

      wudget n • [Dimin of wudge n..]

      yaupon n • [yopún dimin of Catawba yop tree]

disparagement; disparaging(ly) (See also contemptuous; depreciatory; derisive; derogation)

      biddy n2 1 • freq used disparagingly

      bimbo n • sometimes used disparagingly

      bucko n 3 • used as a term of address, often disparagingly

      burg n • sometimes humorous or disparaging

      clod n 2 • used as a disparaging epithet

      cotton picker n 3 • generalized as a disparaging epithet

      critter n B3 • disparaging

      deadhead n 2 • used as a generalized term of disparagement

      drab n1 2 • Used as a disparaging epithet

      heifer n 1a • usu disparaging or joc

      hootenanny n 3 • used as a disparaging epithet

      jag-off n • Used as a general term of disparagement

      little old adj phr • Used to express disparagement, familiarity, or affection

      lollygag n C3 • Used as a term of disparagement

      pea-picking adj • Used as a term of disparagement

      perkerhead n 2 • A disparaging term for a person

dissimilation

      fustrate v • [Var, by dissim, of frustrate]

      shivaree n • [By dissim from Fr charivari..]

District of Columbia, Washington See Washington, DC

doublets

      pawpaw n1 • [Varr or doublets of papaya..] (MAP)

Dutch

      arsle v • [Du aarzelen to move backward, hesitate..]

      astamagootis n • [Du als het maar goed is!..]

      avast v • [..prob orig Du hou’ vast, houd vast “hold fast”]

      bake-oven n • [Du bakoven..]

      bakkes adj, exclam • in Dutch communities

      balkenbry n • swMI and other Dutch settlement areas

      banket n • in Dutch communities

      bazoo n • [Perh Du bazuin trumpet]

      benaut adj • in Dutch communities

      binnacle n • [Du binnen within, inner + kil watercourse, channel]

      binnewater n • [Du binnen within, inner + water]

      blickey n1 • [From Du blikje dimin of blik tin, a pail]

      block n 1 • [..from Du blok]

      boerenjongens n • in Dutch settlement areas

      boodle n • [From Du boedel estate, property]

      boss adj • [By ext of boss master, principal..<Du baas master]

      bry n • chiefly in Dutch settlement areas

      caboose n1 • [Du kabuis, kombuis cook’s galley]

      canal n B • [Du kanaal channel..]

      clothes room n • [Perh from Du kleedkamer]

      clove n • [Du kloof, klove]

      cobb n2 • [..cf Du kobbe, kob, E Fris kobb(e)]

      cookie n1 2 • [Prob Du koekje small sweetened cake]

      cooster v • [Perh Du koesteren to cherish..]

      corporal n2 • [Appar from Du korporaal]

      crang n • [Alter of Du kreng carcass of a whale; a skeleton]

      crawl n2 • [Alter of colonial Du kraal]

      cripple n1 • [Abbr for cripplebush from Amer colonial Du Kreuplebush..< Du kruepelbos..]

      cruller n • [Du krulle a kind of curled cake]

      dingus n1 • [Du dinges thingamajig, what’s his name < ding thing]

      dobber n1 • [..cf Du dobber<dobberen to bob up and down]

      dominie n • chiefly in Du settlement areas, esp NY

      doop pot n • [Cf Du doop dipping, and dopen to dip]

      dope n • [Du doop sauce]

      dummkopf n • [Ger Dummkopf, Du domkop]

      erwten soup n • [Du erwtensoep]

      feest adj • chiefly in Du settlement areas, esp NY, N Cent

      fetticus n • [Du vettig kost fatty or greasy food]

      file n2 • [Prob from Du feil, var of dweil floor cloth, mop]

      flickie n • [Perh rel to Du flikken to patch]

      fooskie n • in Du communities

      fyke n • [Du fuik a bow-net]

      groundhog n 1 • [Perh calque from Du aertoercken arch var of aardvarken literally “earth pig”] (MAP)

      half n B1a • [Cf Du half een,..literally “half one,” i.e., 12:30]

      hay barrack n • [Folk-etym for Du hooiberg haystack]

      headcheese n 1 • [Cf Du hoofdkaas]

      hockidish n • [Perh Du hagedis lizard]

      hooker n2 • [Du hoekboot, hoeker < hoek fishhook]

      hoople n • [Du hoepel]

      hunk n2 • [Du honk home, goal, base]

      hutspot n • [Du]

      kermis(s) n • [Du kermis, BelgianFr kermesse, Ger Kirmes a fair]

      kill n1 • esp NY, in Du settlement areas

      kinick n • [Prob < Du knikker..]

      kip n • chiefly NJ, NY esp in Dutch settlement areas

      kish exclam • [Prob Du koetje, dimin of koe cow]

      kliekies n pl • [Du kliekjes leftovers]

      klop door n • [..Du klapdeur..]

      larrup v 1 • [..perh ult < Du larpen to whip]

      letter n 3 • Dutch settlement areas, esp NJ, IA

      lief adj • [Du]

      long finger n 2 • [Cf Ger lange Finger machen (or haben), Du lange vingers hebben..]

      louk n • [Du luik trapdoor..]

      lugger n1 • [..prob infl by Du logger..]

      mauger adj • [..Dan, Du, Ger, Norw, Sw mager..]

      mettwurst n • [Ger mettwurst, Du metworst..]

      mossbunker n • [Du marsbanker..]

      oliebollen n pl • Du settlement areas

      olykoek n • [Du oliekoek oil cake]

      opa n • [Ger, Du]

      outset n • [Du uitzet trousseau]

      pannicake n • [..cf Du pannekoek..]

      pass blummies n • [Du Paas- Easter- + bloem flower]

      philopena n • [..cf Fr, Du philippine..]

      pinkie n1 • [Du pink and its dimin pinkje..]

      pinkie n3 • [..directly from Du..or through Scots..]

      pink in v phr • [Engl dial; ult < Du pinken..]

      pinkster n • [Du Pinkster Pentecost]

      pinkster n 2 • [Du pinksterbloem..from its time of flowering]

      poss flower n • [Du paas- Easter-]

      pot cheese n • [Du pot kaas] (MAP)

      pot eten n • [Du, Ger; literally “pot meal”]

      rolle bolle n • chiefly Upper Missip Valley; in Dutch and Belgian settlement areas

      rolliche n • [Du rolletje, dimin of rol roll (in many spec senses..)]

      sap bush n • [Du sap bosch, literally “sap grove”..]

      second Christmas (Day) n • [Calque of..Du tweede Kerstdag]

      skein n • [This sense of skein is from Du scheen..]

      skillpot n • [Folk-etyms for Du schildpad..] (MAP)

      sliding pond n • [pond..prob folk-etym var of Du baan path..]

      slime eel n • [..cf..Du slijmaal..]

      smear n 1 • [Prob infl by the cognates in other Germanic langs:..Du smeer grease..]

      snert n • Du settlement areas

      speck n2 • [Orig < Du spek; later reborrowed < PaGer, Ger speck]

      spook n • [Du spook, Ger Spuk]

      sto v • [Cf Du staa Stay! Stand!]

      stoop n 1 • [Du stoep platform or steps in front of a house]

      stout n • [Prob folk-etym for..Du dial. stuik..]

      sugar bush n 1 • [bush n1 B1c < Du bos forest] (MAP)

      timp n • [Du]

      under through prep phr • PaGer, Du settlement areas

      up-sitting n • [Cf Ger aufsitzen, Du opzitten]

      vendue n • [Du vendu, earlier vendue]

      vetbollen n pl • Upper MW, Gt Lakes in Du settlement areas

      vly n • [Du dial vlaai, vlei low-lying piece of land]

      wamus n • [Du wambuis, wammes, dial Ger and PaGer..(Ger..)] (MAP)

      winkle-hawk n • [Du winkelhaak..] (MAP)

      wrist n • [Prob < Du rist bunch (of berries, grapes), string (of onions)]

      yah adv • [Cf Ger, Du, Norw, Sw, Dan ja] (MAP)

Dutch, American

      supawn n • [Amer Du sapaen boiled corn meal < Algonquian; cf Natick saupaun softened by water]