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Cajun French See French, Cajun

California

      abalone v • CA

      Adam-and-Eve n 3 • CA

      adobe n 4 • SW, esp CA

      ajo n • AZ, CA

      aliso n 1 • CA

      alkali weed n 3 • CA

      all-ee all-ee auction free exclam • sCA, HI

      all-ee all-ee oxen (all in) free exclam • chiefly West and Gt Lakes, esp CA (MAP)

      amole n 1a • CA

      Angeleno n • formerly sCA, now more widespread

      angel’s-trumpet n 1 • Sth, CA and HI

      angry acacia n • AZ, CA, NV

      August flower n • CA

      batfish n 3 • CA

      bayo n 1 • chiefly CA

      beavertail grass n • CA

      Bigfoot n • chiefly CA

      billy owl n • esp CA

      black frost n 1 • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, C and S Atl, CA (MAP)

      blind pig n 1 • chiefly w Inland Nth, CA (MAP and Map Section)

      blueblossom n • Pacific, esp CA

      blue gum n2 1 • CA

      blue myrtle n 1 • chiefly CA

      boss dice n • esp CA

      buckbrush n 3b • CA

      buddhahead n • chiefly HI, also CA

      burn v B3 • scattered, but esp NEng, CA

      burr clover n • esp CA

      burroweed n 2 • CA

      calf’s head n • chiefly nCA

      campoody n • esp CA

      canchalagua n • CA

      candy pulling n • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S Midl, NEast, CA (MAP)

      canyon maple n • CA

      cascaron n • chiefly CA

      chamisal n • CA

      chamise n 1 • chiefly CA

      chamise brush n • CA

      chamise lily n • CA

      Charlie’s dead phr • esp CA

      checkerbloom n • chiefly CA

      chesterfield n 1 • esp CA

      chilicothe n • CA

      chilipepper n • CA

      chinquapin n B3 • chiefly CA, OR

      chispa n • CA

      chowder n 1 • orig and chiefly NEng, now also Nth, CA, C Atl (MAP)

      chubasco n • CA, TX

      cioppino n • chiefly CA

      Clamper n • chiefly nCA

      coarse gold n • chiefly CA

      cobra plant n • nCA, swOR

      compie n • Pacific, esp CA

      con n1 • scattered, but esp NY, CA (MAP)

      cooler n 2 • esp CA

      corn lily n 3a • West, esp CA

      cornmeal bread n • chiefly Nth, CA (MAP)

      corral snake n • CA

      cougar n • chiefly NW, CA, UT (MAP)

      cow county n • CA, NV

      cow poison n • chiefly CA

      coyote v 1 • esp CA

      crevice v • esp CA

      desert turtle n • SW, esp sCA

      dime, off the adj phr • chiefly CA

      dingy adj • chiefly CA, NW

      ditch v 1 • esp c,sCA (MAP)

      dobe n 5 • West, esp CA

      doghole n 2 • nCA, sOR coasts

      earthquake weather n • CA

      Easter lily n 1 • chiefly CA

      E Clampus Vitus n • CA

      embarcadero n • chiefly CA

      enchilada n • orig SW, CA, but now widely recognized (MAP)

      encino n • esp CA

      English walnut n • chiefly N and C Atl, CA

      escobita n • chiefly CA

      estero n • CA

      evening-snow n 1 • CA

      evergreen oak n b • CA

      fag n • scattered, but esp NY, PA, CA

      fairy lantern n 1 • CA

      fairy lantern n 2 • CA, Pacific NW

      fester v • chiefly Inland Nth, N Midl, CA (MAP and Map Section)

      fiesta n • chiefly SW, esp CA, TX

      fiesta flower n • CA

      filione n • CA

      fix v B7 • scattered, but chiefly Atlantic, Gt Lakes, CA (MAP)

      flattop n 2 • esp CA

      fly-fish n • CA

      fly-flower n • CA

      footsteps-of-spring n • esp CA

      free gold n • chiefly CA

      French frog n • CA, NV

      fuss v C5 • chiefly Nth, N Midl, CA (MAP)

      gallito n 1 • CA

      garrupa n • CA

      globe lily n • esp CA

      go-ahead n 1 • chiefly CA, HI

      golden fleece n • esp CA

      gold fields n 1 • esp CA

      goldwire n • CA

      gopher plant n 1 • esp CA

      gopher snake n 1 • chiefly West, esp CA, AZ (MAP)

      grape stake n • West, esp CA

      grassnut n 2 • chiefly CA

      grease ant n • chiefly N Cent, Upper MW, CA (MAP)

      greasewood n 2c • CA

      greasewood n 2d • CA

      green corn n 2 • scattered, but esp eNEng, Gt Lakes, sCA (MAP)

      gulch n 1 • scattered, but esp CA (MAP)

      gum plant n 3 • CA

      gum tree n 3 • CA

      gumweed n 2 • esp CA

      halibut n B2 • sCA

      Hangtown fry n • CA, WA

      header n 1 • chiefly West, esp CA (MAP)

      hen and chickens n 1a(2) • chiefly CA

      hickory pine n 1 • esp CA

      high fog n • chiefly wCA

      hog dollar n • chiefly nCA

      hoity-toity adj • esp Nth, N Midl, CA (MAP)

      horse mackerel n 3 • CA

      hunter n 2 • scattered, but chiefly Nth, CA (MAP)

      ice plant n 1 • orig CA, now more widespread

      Indian thistle n 2 • CA, Pacific NW

      Italian squash n • scattered, but esp CA, SW

      jackass brandy n • scattered, but esp CA

      jacksnipe n 5 • CA

      jacksnipe n 6 • CA

      jelly doughnut n • widespread, but esp freq NEast, S Atl, CA (MAP)

      jewfish n 1d • CA

      johnny-nip n • esp CA

      johnny-tuck n • chiefly CA

      Johnny verde n • CA

      jota n • esp CA, sID, eOR

      kelpfish n b • CA

      kingfish n 3 • CA

      kisses n 2 • CA

      Klamath weed n • chiefly CA

      laguna n • chiefly TX, CA

      laurel n 5 • esp OR, CA

      lily bell n 1 • CA

      linnet n 4 • West, esp CA

      littleneck n 3 • CA

      little sugar pine n • CA

      live-forever n 4 • chiefly CA

      lizard tail n 2 • CA

      madrone n • chiefly CA

      mahala n • chiefly CA

      mahogany n 2c • CA

      mariposa lily n • esp CA

      marsh sparrow n 2 • CA

      maul oak n • esp CA

      meadow foam n • chiefly CA

      meadowsweet n 3 • CA

      medialuna n • CA

      mesa oak n • CA

      Mexican goose n 1b • esp CA

      milquetoast n • chiefly Nth, N Midl, CA (MAP)

      miner’s consumption n • chiefly West, esp CA, NV, CO (MAP)

      mission bells n • West, esp CA

      mock orange n 2b • chiefly CA

      monkey bite n 1 • chiefly CA, also C and S Atl (MAP)

      Monterey halibut n • c,sCA coast

      moronel n • CA

      mosquito bill n • esp CA

      mountain balm n 2 • chiefly CA

      mountain cat n 3 • CA

      mountain jay n 1 • West, esp CA

      mountain laurel n 3 • chiefly CA

      mountain live oak n • CA

      mountain oak n b • West, esp CA

      mountain pride n • chiefly CA

      mule fat n • CA

      mush oak n • CA

      musk clover n • esp CA

      nigger heaven n 1 • chiefly Nth, Plains States, Rocky Mts, CA (MAP)

      niggertoe n 3 • esp CA

      Okie n • chiefly Pacific, esp CA (MAP)

      one-foot-off-the-gutter n • CA

      oven n 2 • chiefly NEast, OH, MI, CA (MAP)

      pachuco n • SW, esp sCA, TX

      Pacific deer n • CA

      panguingue n • AK, NW, CA

      parada n • CA, OR, NV

      parking n 2a • chiefly NW, Plains States, IA; also N Cent, sCA (MAP)

      pea n1 3 • CA

      pedro n (pronc) • chiefly Inland Nth (exc Upper MW, NW), CA (MAP)

      pelican flower n 2 • CA

      pennyroyal n B3 • esp CA

      pepper tree n • CA

      pepperwood n 1 • CA

      periwinkle n2 2 • chiefly Pacific NW, CA

      pigeonberry n 7 • CA

      Piker n1 • chiefly Pacific Coast, esp CA

      pin clover n • esp CA

      pine violet n • esp CA

      pink bean n • esp CA

      pitcher sage n • CA

      pitch pine n c(3) • CA

      pitch pine n c(5) • CA

      pocket n 4 • West, esp CA, NV

      pogy n 5 • ceCA, cwNV

      poison-oaker n • esp CA

      polenta n • formerly esp CA, but now more widely recognized (MAP)

      pompano n 2 • chiefly CA

      pom-pom-pullaway n • chiefly Gt Lakes, Upper MW, Plains States, Rocky Mts, sCA (MAP)

      popcorn flower n • esp CA

      pope’s nose n 1 • scattered, but esp Nth, N Midl, CA, TX (MAP)

      porky n2 • chiefly Nth, nCA (MAP)

      Portuguese n, adj • esp sNEng, CA, HI Portagee, Porte(r)gee, Portug(u)ee, Portyg(h)ee (MAP)

      potato bug n 4 • CA

      potrero n 1 • chiefly CA

      prickly phlox n • esp CA

      prince’s pine n 1 • esp CA, NW

      pro-hi n 1 • scattered, but esp CA

      pug n • chiefly NEng, wGt Lakes, CA (MAP)

      puncture vine n • West, esp CA (MAP)

      punt n • scattered, but esp Nth, N Midl, CA (MAP)

      rancheria grass n • esp CA

      rattlesnake weed n 1h • esp CA

      red-bellied hawk n • CA

      red gum n 2 • CA

      red racer n • esp CA

      red sage n 1 • chiefly CA

      redwood n 2 • orig CA, now widespread

      refried beans n pl • orig chiefly sCA, but now widely recognized (MAP)

      riffle n1 • chiefly West, esp CA

      riffle, make the v phr • orig chiefly West, esp CA; later more widespread

      ring-tailed cat n • esp CA, TX

      ripgut n 2 • esp CA

      roble n • esp CA

      rock bass n 2 • CA

      rock cod n 3 • esp CA

      rock rattlesnake n c • CA

      rodeo n (pronc) • esp CA, SW |ˌroˈde-o|

      romero n • CA

      rooster head n 2 • esp CA

      rubber boa n • West, esp CA

      sailor’s caps n • CA

      salsa n • orig CA, SW, but now widely recognized

      sand bass n 1 • CA

      sandburr n 2b • esp CA

      Santa Ana n • chiefly sCA (MAP)

      sea bass n 2 • chiefly CA

      sea spinach n • CA

      *see v B3a • widespread, but less freq NEast, Gt Lakes, CA (MAP)

      shovel-nosed shark n 2 • CA

      skew- pref a • chiefly Nth, CA (MAP)

      skew- pref c • esp Gt Lakes, CA (MAP)

      skibby n • chiefly CA, Pacific NW

      skipjack n 1k • esp CA, HI

      slash n2 • chiefly Nth, nCA

      slim Solomon n • esp CA

      slippery elm n 2 • CA

      sluice n • chiefly West, esp CA, AR

      smelt n 2a • CA

      snail n • esp CA (MAP)

      snipe v 2 • chiefly AK, CA

      soap plant n 1 • esp CA

      soap plant n 4 • CA

      soaproot n 1 • esp CA

      Southland n • sCA

      *sowbelly n • widespread, but less freq N and Mid Atl, PA, c,sCA (MAP)

      spikeweed n • esp CA

      splatter-ass n • CA, NV, OR

      squato n • CA

      squirrel hawk n 1 • esp CA

      star tulip n • esp CA

      steam beer n • orig chiefly CA, now widely known

      stinkbug n b(3) • esp CA

      stobber n 2 • CA

      striped bass n 1 • scattered, but chiefly Atlantic, Lower Missip Valley, CA (MAP)

      sundowner n 2 • sCA

      tamale n1 • orig chiefly SW, CA, but now widely recognized (MAP)

      tamale pie n • orig chiefly SW, esp CA; now more widely recognized (MAP)

      tamarack n 2 • esp CA

      thimbleberry n • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, NW, nCA (MAP)

      three-step n • chiefly Gt Lakes, NW, CA (MAP)

      tiger lily n • chiefly Nth, N Midl, nCA (MAP)

      timber rattlesnake n 2 • chiefly CA

      to prep B1c • scattered, but chiefly Nth, N Midl, CA (MAP and Map Section)

      tomcod n 2b(2) • CA

      *trace n2 • widespread, but less freq Inland Nth, Cent, Rocky Mts, nCA (MAP)

      tree poppy n 2 • CA

      tree yucca n • chiefly CA

      tule n 1 • chiefly Pacific (esp CA), SW

      tule n 2 • chiefly Pacific, esp CA (MAP)

      tule fog n • chiefly CA

      tule mint n • CA

      tule potato n • CA

      tule rooter n 1 • CA

      tuna n1 • West, esp TX, CA

      turkey mullein n • chiefly CA

      Turkish rugging n • CA

      valley fever n • SW, esp CA

      valley jay n • CA

      vino n • chiefly Nth, N Midl, West, esp CA (MAP)

      white perch n 6 • CA

      wild alfalfa n 1 • CA

      wild anise n 1 • CA

      wild lettuce n 4 • CA

      wild lilac n 1 • CA

      wild onion n 2a • CA

      windmill pink n • esp CA

      wishbone bush n • esp CA

      witch v • chiefly N Cent, Cent, nCA (MAP)

      witches’ teeth n • CA

      wokas n • chiefly sOR, nCA

      wriggler n 1 • esp Inland Nth, PA, CA (MAP)

      yellow broom n 2 • esp CA

      yellowtail rockfish n • chiefly CA

      you betcha adv phr • chiefly Nth, N Midl, CA, TX; now esp Upper MW, NW (MAP)

      zanja n • sCA, AZ

      zanjero n • sCA, AZ

calque; also loan translation 

      all both pron • [Perh an African calque..]

      all two adj, pron, conj • [..prob calques..]

      alphabet n • [Calque from Japanese or Korean..]

      already adv B1 • [Calque: through PaGer from Ger schon already, yet, so far]

already adv B2 • [Calque: ult from Ger schon as transmitted independently by PaGer schun and Yidd shoyn]

      angels on horseback n pl • [Loan-transl of Fr anges à cheval..]

      battle n2 • [Calque from Fr bataille battle, a card game]

      be v B2a(3) • [Loan transl from Ger Ich bin]

      burn v B7 • [Cantonese calque]

      cook v 1 • [Prob calque from Ger kochen, Sw koka, Nor koke,..]

      cook cheese n • [Calque from Ger Kochkäse]

      crack one’s teeth v phr • [Afr calque..]

      crack seed n • [Chinese calque]

      cut-eye n, v • [..prob loan transl of an Afr idiom..]

      dress around v phr • [Calque..]

      dress out v phr • [Calque..]

      eat oneself (done) v phr • [Calque from PaGer..]

      eye n2 • [Calque from Haw maka mesh..]

      fire v C1b • [Calque from Haw ahi n “fire,” v “to burn”]

      first breakfast n • [Perh calque < Ger erstes Frühstück..]

      give v B1 • calque of Ger geben to give

      groundhog n 1 • [Perh calque from Du aertoercken arch var of aardvarken..”earth pig”] (MAP)

      hand cheese n • [Calque of handkäse]

      house blessing n • [Calque of Ger Haussegen wall text]

      jalousie n • [..the form jealousy..is either a calque or folk-etym]

      keep v B4 • [Calque of PaGer uf(f)halde]

      land rain n • [Calque of Ger Landregen (PaGer landrejje, landregge) a steady rain]

      little n C2 • [Calque of Ger von klein auf (or an), PaGer vun glee uff]

      live-forever n 3 • [Calque of the generic Sempervivum..]

      liver sausage n • [Calque of Ger leberwurst] (MAP)

      liverwurst n • [Partial calque of Ger Leberwurst] (MAP)

      lock open v phr • [Calque of PaGer uffschliesse, Ger aufschliessen]

      longsome adj • [Prob calque of Ger langsam slow..]

      look v B6 • [Calque of PaGer..]

      lost bread n • [Calque of Fr pain perdu]

      make v1 C18 • [Calque of Fr faire]

      make v1 D24 • [Calque of PaGer wacker mache]

      make v1 D27 • [Calque of PaGer..]

      make v1 D32 • [Calques of Ger zumachen, as in “Mach die Tür zu!”]

      make down v phr 3 • [Calque of PaGer..]

      make out v phr 3 • [Calque of Ger ausmachen..]

      make out v phr 6 • [Calque of Ger ausmachen]

      me pron 5 • [Calque of Fr constr]

      on prep B12a • [Prob calque of Ger auf, an]

      on prep B12b • [Usu calque of Ger an;..perh calque of Haw ma on, at]

      once adv B • [Prob calque of Ger einmal, but cf EDD

      owl’s claws n • [Calque of the Navaho name..]

      paint adj • [Calque from AmSpan pinto spotted..] (MAP)

      pan-rabbit n • [Calque from panhas]

      pass v 3 • [Calque of Fr passer]

      Pele’s hair n • [Calque of Haw lauoho o Pele..]

      Pele’s tear n • [Calque of Haw waimaka o Pele..]

      peppernut n • [Calque of pfeffernuss..]

      potato sausage n • [Calque of Sw potatiskorv]

      rainworm n 1 • [..prob calque of Ger Regenwurm]

      reach v1 B3 • [Prob calque of PaGer reeche, Ger reichen..]

      refried beans n pl • [Calque of MexSpan frijoles refritos] (MAP)

      sacred bark n • [Calque of AmSpan cascara sagrada]

      save v B2 • [Calque of LaFr sauver..]

second Christmas (Day) n • [Calque of Ger zweiter Weihnachtstag, PaGer zwette Grischdâk, or Du tweede
Kerstdag
]

      sheep buck n • [Calque of Ger Schafbock]

      sheepshead n 5 • [Calque of schafskopf] (MAP)

      shoespoon n • [Calque of Ger Schuhlöffel]

      shunning n • [Calque of Ger Meidung]

      snake guarder n • [Calque of PaGer schlangehieter]

      snake heeder n • [Partial calque of PaGer schlangehieter, literally “snake guarder”]

      sow and pigs n • [..a calque of Ger Sauball for the same game] (MAP)

      stable n 1 • [..primarily a calque of Ger Schweinestall < Stall..]

      stand v 2 • [Prob calque of var foreign idioms..]

      stand v 3 • [Calque of an idiom found in most Germanic languages other than English]

      stand up v phr • [Calque of Ger aufstehen..]

      still adv 2 • [Calque of..PaGer..advs..based on obs still continually, invariably..]

      stink cheese n • [Calque (and partial calque) of PaGer schtinkkaes..]

      straw widow n • [Prob calque of Ger Strohwitwe]

      swan potato n • [Calque of the name in Ojibway..]

      sweetwood n 2 • [Calque of Ger Süßholz (PaGer siesshols)]

      thick milk n • [Prob calque of PaGer dickemilich or Ger Dickmilch..] (MAP)

      three-foot n • [Calque of PaGer Dreifuss]

      tie loose v phr • [Calque of Ger losbinden (PaGer losbinne)]

      till prep B4 • [Mostly calque of (Pa)Ger bis (prep, conj) till, by (the time that)..]

      till conj C2 • [Calque of (Pa)Ger bis..]

      to prep B5 • [Calque from Ger zu..]

      toe n1 1 • [Prob calque of Ger Zeh toe, clove (of garlic)]

      trembling earth n • [Calque of Seminole okefinokee]

      under through prep phr • [Calque of PaGer or Du; see quots]

      water out v phr 2 • [Prob calque of Norw utvanne]

      water smeller n • [Calques of Ger Wasserschmecker, Wasserriecher]

      what for (a) adj phr • [In some areas obviously a calque of Ger was für (ein)..]

      wildcat grass n • [Appar calque of LaFr paille (à) chat-tigre]

      wildfire n • [..here a calque of PaGer wildfeier (Ger Wildfeuer)]

      wolfbean n • [Calque of Ger Wolf(s)bohne..]

      wolf grape n • [Calque of Arabic name for a species of Solanum..]

      wonder v1 1 • [..in the majority of quots they are clearly calques of PaGer idioms..]

      year v2 • [Calque of PaGer sich jaehre to have one’s birthday anniversary]

      yet adv, conj B4 • [Prob calque of Ger (and PaGer) doch]

Canadian; Dictionary of Canadianisms

      appola n • [Cf DCan appalat in similar sense, from French apala titbit..]

      babiche n • [..DCan 1806➝]

      baboune n 2 • (Cf DCan)

      back forty, the n • Cf DCan

      baked-apple berry n • [..DCan 1775➝]

      banker n 2 • [DCan 1777➝]

      bateau n B • (Cf DCan..)

      berlot n • Cf DCan

      bluenose n 1 • Cf DCan

      bluff n1 b • [..cf DCan]

      booshway n • Cf DCan booshway

      booya n • [..see DCan bouillon]

      broom ball n • [Cf DCan 1933➝]

      brulé n 1 • Cf DCan

      Canada bird n • [DCan 1866➝]

      Canada corn n • [DCan 1819➝]

      Canada jay n • [DCan 1772➝]

      Canada lynx n • [DCan 1820➝]

      Canadian dogwood n • [DCan 1947➝]

      Canadian thistle n 1 • [DCan 1822➝]

      Canuck n • See also DCan (MAP)

      carcajou n 1 • [DCan 1703➝]

      cheater n 2 • See also DCan

      chinook n B1 • [DCan 1833➝]

      choo intj • Cf DCan choo a call to sled dogs

      chuck n4 • [..DCan 1860➝]

      coho salmon n • [..DCan 1808➝]

      deacon seat n 2 • Cf DCan

      dew worm n • [Prob from CanEngl (DCan 1889➝)..] (MAP)

      dogan n • [..DCan dogan 1854➝]

      dog driver n 1 • [DCan 1857➝]

      dog musher n • Cf DCan

      end town n • [Cf DCan end of steel a. 2, end-of-steel town]

      Ephraim n • Cf DCan

      fobs n pl • [..cf Can fobble (DN 1.388)]

      fog mull n • Cf DCan

      frost boil n 1 • Cf..DCan

      galette n • [Fr “(sea) biscuit”; DCan 1843➝]

      gee pole n • Cf DCan

      golden eagle n • [DCan 1784➝]

      gore n1 • Cf DCan

      ground cedar n 2 • [DCan 1832➝..]

      ground chuck n • [..DCan “Obs.”]

      ground juniper n • [DCan 1793➝]

      habitant n • [..DCan 1789➝]

      ice-out n • Cf DCan

      ice worm n • Cf DCan

      inconnu n • [..DCan 1806 ➝]

      Indian breadroot n • [..DCan 1852 ➝]

      Indian devil n 2 • [DCan 1853 ➝]

      jackpot n 1 • [DCan 1887 ➝..]

      kokanee (salmon) n • Cf DCan

      land otter n • [DCan 1828 ➝]

      lowbush cranberry n • [DCan 1833 ➝]

      lucivee n • [..cf DCan loup-cervier 1744 ➝; lucivee 1774 ➝]

      lush n • Cf DCan

      mal de raquette n • [..DCan 1821]

      Manitoba maple n • Cf DCan

      maple bush n • Cf DCan

      maple camp n • Cf DCan

      maple molasses n • Cf DCan

      maria n • [DCan 1909 ➝]

      marsh hare n • [DCan 1930]

      marsh hawk n 1 • [DCan 1772 ➝]

      marsh rat n 2 • [DCan c1902]

      meadow hen n 2 • [DCan 1896]

      memaloose adj, n • Cf DCan (at mamaloos)

      methy n • [..DCan 1743 ➝]

      metis n • Cf DCan

      moccasin telegraph n • Cf..DCan

      mooseberry n • [DCan 1789 ➝]

      moosemise n 1 • [DCan 1861 ➝]

      moose shank n • Cf DCan

      moss heather n • Cf DCan

      mountain cat n 1 • [DCan c1665 ➝ for the lynx]

      mouse bush n • [Cf..DCan mouse ear..]

      muck n1 2 • [DCan 1897 (in placer mining)]

      mush v2 • Cf DCan

      muskeg n • [CanEngl < Algonquian (Ojibway mashkig, Cree mashkek)]

      muskellunge n • [..DCan (at maskinonge) 1761 ➝]

      neck v 2 • Cf DCan

      nitchie n • Cf DCan

      paring bee n • Cf DCan

      pathmaster n • [DCan 1799 ➝]

      pea soup n 2 • [DCan peasoup a French Canadian..]

      pigeonberry n 2 • [DCan 1822 ➝..]

      pine marten n • [DCan 1772 ➝]

      pin-tailed grouse n • [DCan pintail grouse 1819 ➝]

      plank road n • [DCan 1839 ➝]

      rampike n • Cf DCan

      rat n 1 • [DCan 1584 ➝] (MAP)

      redberry n k • [DCan 1933, 1953]

      red pine n 1a • [DCan 1767 ➝]

      red salmon n • [DCan 1859 ➝]

      red willow n • [DCan 1743 ➝]

      Red River maple n • [DCan 1887 ➝ for Acer negundo]

      rock elm n 1 • [DCan 1830 ➝]

      salt banking vbl n • Cf..DCan salt-banker, DNE salt trip

      saltchuck n • Cf..DCan

      saskatoon n • [Of Algonquian orig;..DCan 1810 ➝]

      silver thaw n • [DCan 1770 ➝]

      skidway n b • Cf DCan skidway 1a, b

      skookum adj • Cf DCan

      skookum n • Cf DCan

      skookum chuck n • Cf ..DCan

      skookum house n • Cf DCan

      sleigh n 2 • Cf ..DCan (MAP)

      sloven n • [Of eCanadian origin < Ir sleamhnán sledge]

      snake room n • Cf DCan

      spike pitcher n • [..cf DCan]

      spruce partridge n • [DCan 1771 ➝]

      squaw hitch n 1 • [DCan 1887 ➝]

      stinking willie n 1 • [A Scots name..used also in eCanada..]

      stubble jumper n • Cf..DCan

      stump logging n • [Cf DCan stumper quot 1908 ‘‘Many trees..would drop right into water from the stumps when
felled’’]

      stump ranch n • [DCan stump ranch 1919, stump rancher 1963]

      sugary n • [DCan 1832 ➝; transl of CanFr sucrerie]

      Swede n 3 • [..cf DCan]

      teaberry n 1 • [DCan 1796] (MAP)

      tillicum n • Cf DCan

      timber wolf n 1 • [DCan 1860 ➝]

      tin dog n • [..also DCan tin dog 1953]

      togue n • [Cf DCan]

      traineau n • Cf DCan

      tuladi n • [DCan 1846 ➝..]

      tullibee n • [DCan 1789 ➝]

      tumpline n • Cf DCan

      tuque n • [CanFr tuque < Fr toque;..DCan 1882 ➝]

      twinberry n 2 • [DCan 1823 ➝]

      velvet duck n • [DCan 1823 for Melanitta fusca..]

      wanigan n • Cf DCan

      wavey n • Cf..DCan

      whiskey jack n • [..cf DCan] (MAP)

      whistling duck n 1 • Cf DCan

      willow grouse n 1 • [DCan 1823 ➝]

      willow grouse n 4 • [DCan 1907 ➝]

      Winnipeg goldeye n • [DCan 1954 ➝]

      wire birch n • [DCan 1917 ➝]

Canadian French See French, Canadian

Cantonese

     burn v B7 • [Cantonese calque] 

      pake n, adj • [Prob < Cantonese dial..]

      sai-min n • [Prob Cantonese..]

Cape Cod See Massachusetts, Cape Cod

Carib; Island Carib

      caouane n • [AmFr caouane ..Cf AmSpan caguama < Carib..]

      coco plum n • [coco, from Span icaco, ult from Island Carib hikáku..]

      latanier n • [Fr latanier, ult of Carib origin]

Cariban

      chigger n • [Alter of Cariban chigoe]

      periagua n • [Varr of Span , ult of Cariban origin]

      pirogue n • [Fr < Span piragua, of Cariban origin] (MAP)

Caribbean; Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage

      apple banana n • [..name prob adopted with the fruit from the Caribbean..]

      broadus n • [..=Caribbean creole braata..]

      cut-eye n, v • [Caribbean Creole..]

      poppy show n • [..widespread in Caribbean and W Afr creoles..]

      soul-case n • Cf DCEU..

      stay v 3 • Cf..DCEU stay 3, 4

      suck one’s teeth v phr • vocal “gesture”..in Black cultures in Africa, the Caribbean, and the US

      suck-teeth n • [Cf DJE, DCEU]

      thrash hut n • [Cf..DCEU trash n1 2…]

      tow v • Cf.. DCEU

      ugly n D1a • [This proverb appears to be widespread in the Caribbean: cf DCEU, DJE (1803 ➝).]

      what make (so) adv phr • Cf..DCEU wha[t]1 2.8

      what side adv phr • Cf DBE, DJE (at what side), DCEU (at wisside)

      wonder-of-the-world root n • [..in parts of the Caribbean the..name is applied to..Kalanchoe pinnata.]

Catawba

      yaupon n • [yopún dimin of Catawba yop tree]

Celtic

      muley adj, n2 • [..ult of Celtic origin…]

      mull adj, n1 • [..ult of Celtic origin]

Central

      -a • chiefly wNEng south through NC (exc NYC and Philadelphia areas), Cent and SW

      belly-buster n, adv 2 • chiefly Sth, W Midl, Cent (MAP and Map Section)

      black man n 2 • chiefly N Cent, Cent (MAP)

      blister bug n • chiefly TX, Cent (MAP)

      bull nettle n 1 • chiefly N Cent, Cent, TX, LA (MAP)

      burg n • scattered, but esp N Cent, Cent (MAP)

      burr n1 3 • chiefly Cent, Missip-Ohio Valleys, TX (MAP)

      burr oak n • chiefly N Cent, Upper MW, Cent (MAP)

      cat and mouse n 1 • chiefly Upper MW, WI, Cent (MAP)

      chat n3 • Cent

      civvy cat n • chiefly SW, Cent

      democrat bug n • Upper Missip Valley, Cent

      doodlebug n 6b • chiefly Gulf States, Cent, N Midl (MAP)

      *dray n 2 • widespread, but less freq S Midl, Cent

      dry-land turtle n • chiefly Sth, S Midl, Cent, SW (MAP and Map Section)

      everlasting yeast n • chiefly Cent, TX (MAP)

      extension club n • chiefly Cent, N Cent

      farm-to-market road n • scattered, but chiefly Sth, Cent (MAP)

      fishworm n • widespread, but more freq Nth, N Midl, Cent (MAP)

      fool v 1b • scattered, but chiefly S Midl, Gulf States, Cent (MAP)

      fraid hole n • chiefly Cent

      French harp n 1 • chiefly W Midl, TX, Cent (MAP)

      fresno n 2 • chiefly West, Cent

      hard-shell turtle n • chiefly N Cent, Cent, Gulf States (MAP)

      hedge n • chiefly N Cent, Cent (MAP)

      hog wire n • scattered, but esp S Atl, Gulf States, Cent (MAP)

      holiness adj • chiefly Sth, Midl, Cent (MAP)

      kinfolk n pl • widespread, but chiefly Sth, S Midl, Cent, TX (MAP)

      knot n1 3 • chiefly Sth, Midl, Cent (MAP)

      literary n • chiefly Cent

      lumber wagon n • chiefly Nth, Cent (MAP)

      monkey stove n • chiefly Cent

      *nanny n1 • scattered exc nNEng, Upper MW, Cent (MAP)

      parasol n B1 • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S Midl, Cent, TX (MAP)

      peony n1 2 (pronc) • chiefly Cent, Mid Atl, S Midl, NEng (MAP)

      pill n 1 • scattered, but chiefly NCent, Cent, West (MAP)

      pine snake n 1 • chiefly Mid and S Atl, Cent

      pitch n2 1 • chiefly NEng, Upstate NY, Delmarva, Missip Valley, Cent (MAP)

      pitchfork n 3c • chiefly N Cent, Missip Valley, Cent (MAP)

      pound party n 1 • chiefly Midl, Cent

      *quits exclam • scattered, but less freq Sth, S Midl, SW, Cent (MAP)

      scissortail n 1 • esp TX, Cent (MAP)

      scoop shovel n 1 • esp Cent, Upper MW

      scour v • chiefly N Cent, Upper MW, Cent

      silk-stocking n attrib • scattered, but esp Gulf States, TX, Cent, Upper Missip Valley (MAP)

      smartweed n • widespread, but chiefly Midl, N Cent, Cent (MAP)

      snap v 2a • esp Upper MW, Cent

      *snowing down South, it’s phr • widespread, but less freq Sth, Cent (MAP)

      socks, throw up one’s v phr • scattered, but esp Cent, TX (MAP)

      soddy n 1 • chiefly Cent, esp KS, NE

      sooey exclam • chiefly Sth, S Midl, Cent, TX (MAP)

      straight wind n • esp Cent (MAP)

      striped wasp n • esp Cent (MAP)

      sun perch n • chiefly S Midl, Lower Missip Valley, Cent (MAP)

      sweat bee n 1 • chiefly Midl, Gt Lakes, Cent (MAP)

      *trace n2 • widespread, but less freq Inland Nth, Cent, Rocky Mts, nCA (MAP)

      trailer truck n • chiefly east of Missip R, esp NEast; also TX, Cent (MAP and Map Section)

      trotline n 1 • chiefly Gulf States, W Midl, Cent, TX, SC (MAP)

      tush n C1 • formerly widespread, now chiefly Sth, W Midl, Cent, TX; scattered NEast, Gt Lakes (MAP)

      velvet-tail n 1 • esp Cent; also AL

      wear v B3b • scattered, but esp Sth, S Midl, Cent (MAP)

      whaley n 1 • chiefly Cent, S Midl

      who laid the chunk phr • chiefly TX, Cent

      wild alfalfa n 2 • chiefly Cent, Upper MW

      witch v • chiefly N Cent, Cent, nCA (MAP)

      work v 3 • chiefly Sth, S Midl, Cent (MAP)

Central African See African, Central

Central Atlantic

      alewife n • chiefly C Atl, N Atl, Gt Lakes

      amongst you pron • chiefly C Atl

      Anthony-over n, exclam • chiefly C Atl, N Midl

      antymire n • chiefly N Atl, C Atl, sAppalachians

      baitfish n • chiefly Atl, esp C Atl, N Atl

      barefooted adj 1 • chiefly Mid and C Atl, Ohio Valley (MAP)

      barrack n • chiefly NY, C Atl

      bateau n B2 • chiefly C and S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)

      be v B2a(3) • chiefly C Atl

      belly-whopper n, v, adv 2 • chiefly Nth, N Midl, esp NY, C Atl (MAP and Map Section)

      black drum n • chiefly C and S Atl

      black duck n 1 • chiefly NEast, Mid and C Atl (MAP)

      blackfish n 1 • chiefly N and C Atl

      blackfish n 2 • chiefly Mid and C Atl

      black frost n 1 • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, C and S Atl, CA (MAP)

      black will n • C Atl

      bloodworm n 1 • chiefly C and Mid Atl (MAP)

      breeze v • chiefly N Atl, C Atl

      brethren n pl B • chiefly C Atl and Ohio River Valley

      buck bathing pple, vbl n • C Atl coast

      buffalo n B1 • chiefly C Atl, NC (MAP)

      bugeye n2 • chiefly C Atl coast, esp Chesapeake Bay (MAP)

      bunker n1 • N and C Atl

      buzzard n • esp C Atl

      cake turner n • chiefly C Atl, eN Midl (MAP)

      can n 3c • chiefly NEast, N Cent, C Atl (MAP)

      certain adv B1 • esp NEng, also C and S Atl

      chicory n 1 • chiefly Nth, C Atl

      chowder n 1 • orig and chiefly NEng, now also Nth, CA, C Atl (MAP)

      co-ee v phr • chiefly C Atl, S Atl

      count n • chiefly C Atl

      coy v • C Atl

      crack n 2 • chiefly NEast, C Atl (MAP)

      crow duck n 2 • esp C Atl

      cruller n • scattered, but chiefly NEast, N Cent, C Atl (MAP)

      diamondback terrapin n • chiefly C and S Atl

      dog fly n 1 • chiefly C and S Atl, AL (MAP)

      double bar n • esp C Atl

      double singletree n • scattered, but esp C and S Atl (MAP)

      *doughball n 2 • scattered, but less freq NEast, C and S Atl, Pacific (MAP)

      drain n1 C1 • scattered, but esp Mid and C Atl (MAP)

      dry wall n • chiefly NEast, C Atl (MAP)

      dual highway n • scattered, but chiefly Mid and C Atl (MAP)

      eel rack n • C and N Atl

      English walnut n • chiefly N and C Atl, CA

      escarole n • chiefly N and C Atl

      fastland n • chiefly C Atl coast

      *faucet n B1 • formerly chiefly Nth; now widespread, but less freq Mid and C Atl

      field hawk n • chiefly SE, C Atl

      fisherman n 1 • chiefly C Atl coast

      five-and-ten n 1 • widespread, but more freq NEast, C Atl

      fresh n 3 • C Atl

      fyke n • orig chiefly NY, NEng; now chiefly C Atl coast

      garvey n • chiefly C Atl coast, esp NJ

      get up there v phr • scattered, but esp N Cent, C Atl (MAP)

      G.I. haircut n • scattered, but more freq C and Mid Atl, SE (MAP)

      grandma n A6 • chiefly C Atl (MAP)

      grandpa n A5 • scattered, but chiefly C Atl, NY (MAP)

      grass sack n • chiefly C Atl, Lower Missip Valley, Ohio Valley (MAP)

      grassy adj • chiefly C Atl (MAP)

      guano sack n • chiefly C and S Atl

      guinea keet n 1 • esp C Atl

      gust n • esp C Atl

      hairy head n • chiefly C and S Atl

      hamburg n 1 • chiefly NEast, C Atl, OH, MI (MAP)

      hang v B2 • scattered, but esp C Atl, Ohio Valley (MAP)

      haul v 1 • chiefly N and C Atl

      hay barrack n • chiefly NEast, C Atl

      heaves n pl • widespread, but more freq NEast, N Cent, C Atl (MAP)

      hedgehog n 2 • chiefly NEast, C Atl

      hickory poplar n • chiefly C and Mid Atl

      *highway n • widespread, but less freq N Cent, NEast, C Atl (MAP)

      high yellow n • scattered, but chiefly C and S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)

      hogchoker n • esp C and Mid Atl

      holey adj • esp S Midl, C Atl (MAP)

      horse stable n • chiefly NEast, C Atl, eGt Lakes (MAP)

      howsomever adv 1 • scattered, but chiefly S and C Atl, S Midl

      huckster n • scattered, but chiefly N Midl, C Atl, NEast exc nNEng (MAP)

      hummock n 3 • C Atl

      kernel n 1 • chiefly C and S Atl; also Gulf States (MAP and Map Section)

      kick v B3 • esp C Atl, Gt Lakes (MAP)

      kiln n • esp C Atl, Lower Missip Valley (MAP)

      kindling n • esp N and C Atl

      king n 2 • esp N and C Atl (MAP)

      *kitchen broom n • scattered, but less freq C and Mid Atl, SE (MAP)

      land frog n • chiefly Midl, C Atl (MAP)

      land turtle n • scattered, but chiefly N Midl, C Atl (MAP)

      lark n1 1 • scattered, but chiefly C and S Atl

      levy n1 • chiefly C Atl

      local preacher n • scattered, but chiefly Sth, S Midl, C Atl (MAP)

      log cart n • esp C and S Atl (MAP)

      loggerhead n 3 • chiefly Inland Nth, N Midl, C Atl (MAP)

      log wagon • scattered, but esp Lower Missip Valley, Ohio Valley, C Atl (MAP)

      long drawers n pl • scattered, but chiefly SE, C Atl, seNY (MAP)

      long jeans n pl • scattered, but esp C Atl, NEast (MAP)

      longshat pine n • C Atl

      low beam n • chiefly Nth, N Midl, C Atl, West (MAP)

      ma n A3 (pronc) • esp SC, C Atl (MAP)

      marsh rabbit n 2 • chiefly C Atl, Gt Lakes (MAP)

      meat platter n • chiefly N Cent, N Midl, C Atl (MAP)

      monkey bite n 1 • chiefly CA, also C and S Atl (MAP)

      mouth organ n 1 • widespread, but chiefly Inland Nth, C Atl; also S Atl, SW (MAP and Map Section)

      *mumblety-peg n 2 • widespread, but less freq NEast, C Atl (MAP)

      musquash n • chiefly C and N Atl, esp NEng

      necessary n • scattered, but chiefly NEng, Mid and C Atl

      newground n 1a • chiefly C and S Atl, Gulf States (MAP)

      newsy adj • chiefly C Atl, esp PA

      nigger pine n 1 • chiefly C and Mid Atl, sAppalachians

      *out n F2a • scattered exc NEast, C Atl (MAP)

      oyster-cracker n 2 • C Atl

      parlor n B1 • scattered, but esp C Atl, N Cent, NW (MAP)

      pattypan squash n • scattered, but esp C Atl (MAP)

      pavement n • scattered, but chiefly C Atl, esp sePA; also Gulf States

      peanut heaven n • chiefly OH, PA, C Atl (MAP)

      penknife n • chiefly N Midl, C Atl (MAP)

      *picture show n • widespread, but less freq NEast, C Atl, Pacific (MAP)

      pine barren n • C and S Atl

      pipe, take the v phr • esp NYC, C Atl (MAP)

      piss-a-bed n 1 • chiefly C and N Atl exc NEng (MAP)

      plant v 3 • esp N and C Atl coast

      pluck n 1 • esp NEast, C Atl

      *Podunk n 1 • scattered, but less freq C and S Atl, West (MAP)

      pooey exclam • chiefly Missip-Ohio Valleys, Upper MW; also C Atl (MAP)

      *potluck meal n • widespread, but less freq Sth, C Atl, NY (MAP and Map Section)

      powder room n • scattered, but more freq C Atl, Midl (MAP)

      punk n2 2 • formerly chiefly N and C Atl; now esp PA (MAP)

      railbird n • chiefly N and C Atl

      rams n • chiefly C Atl (MAP)

      *rattlesnake n 1 • widespread, but less freq Inland Nth, N Midl, C Atl (MAP)

      reedbird n 1 • esp C Atl (MAP)

      Robin Hood’s barn, go (all the way) around v phr • scattered, but chiefly Nth, N Midl, C Atl, WV (MAP)

      rock n1 5 • chiefly Upper Missip and Ohio Valleys, C and S Atl (MAP)

      rockfish n 1 • chiefly C and S Atl

      rotten adj 1 • scattered, but esp C Atl, N Cent (MAP)

      round potato n • esp C Atl

      route n A1 (pronc) • chiefly NEast, C Atl (MAP)

      route n B1 • chiefly NEast, WV, OH, IL, C Atl (MAP and Map Section)

      rum-dum n 1 • scattered, but esp NEast, C Atl (MAP)

      rummy n 1 • chiefly NEast, C Atl (MAP)

      *running off (at the bowels) n • widespread exc NEast, C Atl, Gt Lakes (MAP)

      saddle horse n • scattered, but esp C and Mid Atl (MAP)

      sandburr n 1 • chiefly West, Upper MW, N Cent, C Atl

      sandworm n • chiefly N and C Atl

      sawmill, born in a adj phr • chiefly NEast, C Atl (MAP)

      *scoot v 2 • widespread exc NEast, C Atl (MAP)

      scrapple n • scattered, but chiefly Midl, esp PA, MD, C Atl (MAP)

      sea foam n 1 • esp PA, Mid and C Atl, N Cent (MAP)

      sheep burr n • scattered, but chiefly C and Mid Atl (MAP)

      shell road n • chiefly C and S Atl, LA, seTX (MAP)

      shoestring n 3 • chiefly NYC, C Atl (MAP)

      shouting Methodist n • scattered, but esp C Atl, PA, OH, WV (MAP)

      sickness n • scattered, but esp C and Mid Atl (MAP)

Charleston See South Carolina, Charleston

Cherokee

      catoosa bass n • [Prob for Catoosa Co., Georgia, from the Cherokee language..]

      conohany n • [Cherokee kanahena..]

      conutchie n • [Cf Cherokee kanataluhi..]

      cullowhee n • [Cherokee gûlâhí a plant..]

      divide the blankets v phr • [In ref to a Cherokee wedding ceremony in which a couple carries two “united
blankets” to their new cabin]

      sochan n • [Cherokee sochani]

      stacey salad n • [Folk-etym for Cherokee ustesgi + salad]

      talala bird n • [Cherokee talala woodpecker]

Chesapeake Bay

      back fin n • Chesapeake Bay area

      biter n 1 • Chesapeake Bay

      booby owl n • Chesapeake Bay

      brogan n 3 • Chesapeake Bay

      buck net n • Chesapeake Bay

      bugeye n2 • chiefly C Atl coast, esp Chesapeake Bay (MAP)

      crab scrape n • Chesapeake Bay

      doubler n 4 • Chesapeake Bay

      float n 6 • Chesapeake Bay

      imperial crab n • Chesapeake Bay area

      jimmy n 3 • Chesapeake Bay, VA and NC coasts

      lemon-belly n • Chesapeake Bay

      log canoe n • Chesapeake Bay

      maiden n • Chesapeake Bay

      maulhead n 1 • Chesapeake Bay

      mudlark v • Chesapeake Bay

      oyster toad n • Chesapeake Bay

      prog v 2 • chiefly Sth, S Midl, esp Chesapeake Bay

      progger n • esp Chesapeake Bay

      ram n 2 • Chesapeake Bay

      rock n1 3 • esp Chesapeake Bay

      scrape n 3 • Chesapeake Bay

      scrape v B2 • Chesapeake Bay

      scraper n1 2b • Chesapeake Bay

      sea nettle n • chiefly Chesapeake Bay

      sea-ore n • esp Chesapeake Bay

      silk crab n • Chesapeake Bay MD

      skipjack n 3 • esp Chesapeake Bay

      slab n 4 • chiefly Chesapeake Bay

      snowball n 4 • Chesapeake Bay

      sook n • chiefly Chesapeake Bay

      sponge crab n • Chesapeake Bay

      stinging nettle n 2 • chiefly Chesapeake Bay

      sugar toad n • Chesapeake Bay

      tippet n • Chesapeake Bay

      tongs n pl • chiefly Chesapeake Bay

      water celery n 1 • esp Chesapeake Bay

      waterman n • Chesapeake Bay

      whale crab n • chiefly Chesapeake Bay

      whitebelly n 3 • Chesapeake Bay

      wop n2 • Chesapeake Bay

Chicago See Illinois, Chicago

children

      abasicky intj • Among children: naughty! Shame on you!

      aunt n B3 • In Mormon polygamous families: the term of address used by children

      ballow v • Among children: to lay claim to (something)

      hockey n2, v • esp freq among children

      it ain’t done it phr • esp freq among children

Chinese

      chink n3 • [Alter and abbr of Chinese ching-ching..]

      crack seed n • [Chinese calque]

      cumshaw n • [Chinese (Amoy) pidgin]

      ginseng n • [Chinese jen2-shen1]

      grub hyson n • [grub root + Chinese hyson a type of green tea]

      wonder-of-the-world root n • [..a book name—once alleged to be a translation of the Chinese name—for
ginseng]

Chinook

      cha-muck-a-muck n • [Cf Chinook jargon muck-a-muck food]

      cheechako n • [Chinook jargon]

      chinook n B1 • compounded from..Chinook

      chuck n4 • [Chinook jargon..]

      chum salmon n • [?Chinook jargon tsum, tzum spots, writing]

      cuitan n • [Chinook Jargon]

      cultus adj • [Chinook Jargon]

      eulachon n • [Chinook Jargon ulâkân]

      geoduck n • [Chinook Jargon]

      high-muck-a-muck n 1 • [Chinook Jargon hiu plenty + muckamuck food]

      hiyu adj • [Chinook Jargon hiu plenty]

      hump puss n • [Chinook humm opoots stinking tail]

      icta n • [Chinook Jargon..]

      killapie adj, n • [Chinook Jargon]

      klootchman n • [Chinook Jargon “woman, female”]

      memaloose adj, n • [Chinook Jargon memaloost < Chinook memalust to die, dead]

      mowitch n • [Chinook Jargon]

      muck-a-muck n • [Chinook Jargon]

      potlatch n • [Chinook Jargon..]

      potlatch v • [Chinook Jargon..]

      salal n • [Chinook Jargon]

      saltchuck n • [salt + Chinook Jargon chuck n4]

      shallon n • [Of Chinook origin..]

      Siwash n • [Chinook Jargon < CanFr sauvage an American Indian]

      skeezicks n • [Cf 1863 Gibbs Chinook Jargon 23..]

      skookum adj • [Chinook Jargon]

      skookum chuck n • [Chinook Jargon < skookum adj + chuck n4]

      soopolallie n • [Chinook Jargon]

      tillicum n • [Chinook Jargon tilikum people < Chinook tilxam]

      tolo n • [Cf..Chinook Jargon tolo to earn, win]

      tyee n • [Chinook Jargon tyee a chief]

      wapato n • [Chinook Jargon wappatoo..]

Choctaw

      appaloosa n2 • [Prob from Choctaw apolusa ‘to be daubed,’ referring to the mottled appearance of the fish]

      bashaw n • [..perh related to Choctaw basha “marked, a mark” in reference to the mottled skin..]

      bayou n • [LaFr from Choctaw bayuk creek, river]

      bobbasheely n • [Alter of Choctaw itibapishili my brother]

      bogue n • [From Choctaw bog, bok creek, stream]

      catawba n • [Choctaw katapa separated..]

      chickee n1 • [Prob from Creek; perh akin to Choctaw chuka house]

      sacalait n • [LaFr, by folk-etym..from Choctaw sakli..]

      skully n1 • [Choctaw iskli a dime, a ninepence, a bit < escalin]

Chukchi

      kamleika n • [Perh Chukchi kemlilyun]

Cincinnati See Ohio, Cincinnati

clipped form

      jib-jab v • [Perh clipped form of jibber-jabber..]

      jim town n • [Perh clipped form of jimcrack shoddy, flimsy + town..]

      jit n2 • [Clipped form of jitney n 1]

coalescence; coalescing (See also blend)

      biddy n3 • [Prob coalescence of biddy n1 and beedie..]

      bounce n • [Prob coalescence of Engl dial bonce a large marble, a marble game, and bounce v]

      broadus n • [..perh by coalescence of brotta..(EDD) with AmSpan barata..]

      bugger n1 • coalescence in form and sense of ME bougre heretic and bugge

      crook n1 • [Prob alter of crick ..coalescing with Engl dial crook..]

      cunner n2 • [Perh by coalescence of canoe, ult from Arawak, with Gullah ˈ kunu, ult Afr..]

      cut one’s eyes v phr • [Prob coalescence of..cut to cleave, slash.. and cut-eye n, v]

coastal 

      abeam adj • coastal NEng

      adrift adj • chiefly coastal NEng

      afoul of prep • chiefly coastal NEng

      all both pron • chiefly coastal SC

      astern the lighter adj phr • coastal NEng, esp Nantucket

      avast v • chiefly coastal NEng

      back v 6 • Atlantic, esp coastal NEng

      barvel n • NEng, esp coastal ME

      bird n A1 (pronc) • esp coastal Sth, NYC, eNEng,

      brass ankle n • chiefly coastal SC

      buckra n • chiefly coastal SC and GA

      bung up and bilge free adj phr • coastal NEng

      cooter n (pronc) • coastal SC and GA,

      deepwater adj • esp coastal ME

      duff n 1 • chiefly coastal NEng

      following ppl adj • chiefly coastal

      grease n (pronc) • esp coastal SC, GA, FL

      jigger n1 1 • coastal NEng

      joe flogger n • coastal MS, ME

      keel up v phr • esp coastal NEng

      nubble n • esp coastal ME

      one adv C1 • chiefly coastal SC

      pony penning n • coastal VA, NC

      quintal n • coastal NEng

      rote n • coastal NEng

      rut n • coastal NEng

      salt grass n a(1) • chiefly coastal regions

      she-crab soup n • coastal SC

      sliver n, v B1 • coastal NEng

      summer complaint n 2 • coastal ME, Cape Cod MA

      tide walker n • coastal ME

Colorado

      blossom rock n • chiefly West, esp CO

      buck fence n • now esp CO, WY

      camp robber n • chiefly NW, CO (MAP)

      cap n1 6 • chiefly West, esp CO

      coney n1 1 • chiefly CO

      dagwood n • scattered, but esp MN, IA, CO (MAP)

      doney n1 • chiefly CO

      go-dig n • CO

      greaser n B1 • scattered, but esp SW, CO (MAP)

      hole n 2 • NW, CO

      mesa n 1 • chiefly West, esp SW, CO (MAP)

      Mexican town n • chiefly TX, CO

      miner’s consumption n • chiefly West, esp CA, NV, CO (MAP)

      penco n • NM, sCO

      Penitente n • NM, sCO

      salt side n • esp CO

      willow fly n 2 • West, esp CO (MAP)

Concise Ulster Dictionary See Ulster

Connecticut

      alewife n (pronc) • esp in CT

      angledog n • chiefly NEng, esp CT and swMA, and settlement areas

      bag n B1 • chiefly NY, CT

      bog meadow n • chiefly NEng, esp CT

      box oyster n • CT, NY coast

      business wagon n • CT

      chickwit n • chiefly CT

      cracky benders n • CT, RI

      glawackus n • CT

      heap n 2 • esp nAppalachians, CT (MAP)

      lobber v • chiefly NEast, Gt Lakes, esp Upstate NY, CT, MI (MAP and Map Section)

      merrywing n • esp CT

      parkway n 1 • chiefly NEast, esp NY, CT, NJ (MAP)

      pigsticker n 1 • esp wCT, wMA

      poison alder n • CT

      pole barn n • chiefly Missip-Ohio Valleys, Gt Lakes, Upstate NY, CT, Mid Atl (MAP)

      pot cheese n • chiefly NY, NJ, nPA, CT (MAP)

      pumpkinseed n 2 • CT

      ripper n 2 • esp wMA, CT

      round clam n • esp CT

      setback n 2 • chiefly SE, Mid Atl, Appalachians, CT (MAP)

      sproutland n • chiefly NEng, esp CT, MA

      stump lot n • chiefly CT, MA, Upstate NY

      tomato pie n • esp CT, NJ, NY, PA

      tomcod n 2a1 • CT

      topgallant n • chiefly wCT

      tree border n • WI, CT

      whinnering owl n • esp NY, NJ, CT

contemptuous (See also disparagement)

      fofarraw n 1 • exclam to express contemptuous disagreement

contraction; contracted

      abanded pple • [Contr of abandoned..]

      abiselfa n • [Contr of a–by–itself–a..]

      ain’t v1 • [Contr of am not, are not..]

      ainna interrog exclam • [Contr of ain’t it..]

      airn pron • [Contr of ary + one]

      all’s pron • [Contr of all + as pron (+ that)]

      cussadang exclam • [Appar a contr of cuss and dang]

      d’ant v • [By contr]

      dare v A4a • [Contractions of dare not, durst not, dared not..]

      -en suff3 • [Pronc-spp for contr of on prep B1 of]

      evern conj • [Prob contr of ever + and conj B1]

      hain’t v • [Contr of has not, have not..]

      he pron • the contracted form ’e for he

      tain’t v2 • [Contr of it + ain’t v1]

      twan’t v • [Contr of it was not]

Cornish; Cornwall

      accoutrements n pl • [EDD 1880, from wCornwall..]

      attle n • [Cornish]

      fitcher v • [OED 1865; appar a Cornish mining term]

      flookan n • [Cornish dial]

      gossan n • [Corn dial..]

      logy adj 1 • [Cf EDD louggy, loogy “Tired, ‘fagged’; slow” (Corn dial)..] (MAP)

      pridy adj • [Corn dial; cf EDD pridy adj. 1, 2]

      scrod n • [Perh orig ppl adj < Corn dial scraw, scroe; cf EDD scraw v.2..]

      water haul n • [Cf EDD watery-haul (at watery adj. 1.(1))..(Cornwall)] (MAP)

Cree

      muskeg n • [CanEngl < Algonquian (Ojibway mashkig, Cree mashkek)]

      pembina n • [CanFr pimbina < Cree nipiminân..]

      pipsissewa n • [Cree..]

Creek

      catalpa n • [Creek kutúhlpa winged head, in ref to the shape and marking of the flower]

      chickee n1 • [Prob from Creek; perh akin to Choctaw chuka house]

creole; creolized

      already adv B3 • in creolized speech

      be v B7b • the constr is creole (Gullah)

      bimeby adv • [..widespread in pidgin and creole English of 17th cent and after]

      broadus n • [..= Caribbean creole braata.. prob from Port barata..]

      cut-eye n, v • [Caribbean Creole..]

      day clean n • [..cf Fr Creole ju netye literally jour nettoyé day cleaned]

      fam-fam n • [Creole redup form of Fr faim hunger]

      for prep B2 • esp freq in Gullah, but also HI creole

      gallop v • (cf Jamaican creole interpretation of develop as devel up..)

      gris-gris n • [Fr creole, ult of Afr orig]

      gumbo zab n • [Appar Creole Fr pronc-sp for gombo des herbes]

      man n C2 • [..also characteristic of West Indian Creoles..]

      pickaninny n • [W Afr and W Indian Creoles, of Span or Port origin; OED2 1657 ➝]

      poppy show n • [..widespread in Caribbean and W Afr creoles..] 

      so till conj • [Creole Engl; cf DCEU so adv 7.10]

      tell v C2b • HI creole

      them pron B3 • esp Gullah, HI creole

      too adv • chiefly Gullah; also HI Creole

      wanga n • [Haitian Creole, ult of Afr orig]

      zydeco n • [Appar < LaFr zaricot green beans..from the appearance of this word..in Creole folk songs]

Cuban Spanish See Spanish, Cuban

Czech

      dyngus n • [Pol, Czech]

      golumpki n pl • [..cf also Ukrainian and Czech hołub..]

      houska (twist) n • [Czech houska bun, roll]

      kolacky n • [Czech kolač < kolo wheel, circle] (MAP)